The Skeletal System Flashcards
types of bone
-long : act as the lever for the body
-short : they are strong & weight-baring
-flat : used for muscle attachment
-irregular : give body protection and shape
SPINE
cervical vertebrae
-1st vertebrae
-provides attachment for your neck muscles
-top vertebrae allows you to nod your head
-second vertebrae allows you to move your head
-7
SPINE
thoracic vertebrae
-2nd vertebrae
-connected to the ribs and support rib cage
-allow to bend forward, backward, side to side and rotate
-12
SPINE
lumbar vertebrae
-3rd vertebrae
-allow to bend forward backwards side to side
-large vertebrae which provide attachment to the back muscle
-5
SPINE
sacrl vertebrae
-4th vertebrae
-fused together
-strong structure supports weight of the body
-transmit power from legs and hips to the upper body
-5
SPINE
coccyx vertebrae
-5th vertebrae
-fused together
-have no special use
-4
different joints
-the hinge joint
-the ball and socket joint
-the gliding joint
-the pivot joint
-the saddle joint
-the condyloid joint
ball and socket
eg. hip and shoulder
-all types of movement are possible at this joint
the hinge joint
eg. elbow and knee
-only allows movement in one direction, flexion and extension
the pivot joint
eg. neck and between radius and ulna in the elbow
-only allows rotation, (turning head in most sports is the best example)
the gliding joint
eg. carpals
-allows bones to glide across one another
the saddle joint
eg. thumb
-allows most movements but rotation is limited
the condyloid joint
eg. wrist
-allows movement in two planes but rotation is limited
TYPES OF MOVEMENT
flexion
anywhere where the angle decreases between two bones eg. bending the knee
TYPES OF MOVEMENT
extension
-anywhere where the angle increases between two bones eg. straightening the knee
TYPES OF MOVEMENT
abduction
-movement of limbs away from the body
TYPES OF MOVEMENT
adduction
-movement of limbs back into the body
TYPES OF MOVEMENT
dorsiflexion
eg. the foot, when the toes are pulled upward
TYPES OF MOVEMENT
plantar flexion
eg. the foot, when the toes are pointed
TYPES OF MOVEMENT
rotation
eg. turning your head to look at something
TYPES OF MOVEMENT
circumduction
move in a complete circle (a joint)
what does the skeletal system do?
-supports your body when standing, sitting or lying down, and supports the body in more complex positions eg. handstands
-protects vital organs eg. cranium (skull) protects brain, ribs protect heart, lungs, liver, spleen, stomach and kidneys, you spins protects spinal chord
-movement, where bones meet they form joints. tendons attach muscles to bones which enable us to do a variety of movements.
-blood production, red and white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow
-minerals and storage, minerals are stored in the bone marrow
