The Circulatory System (cardiovascular)

Question 1

what makes up the circulatory system?

Answer 1

-the heart
-the blood
-the blood vessels

Question 2

functions of the circulatory system

Answer 2

-pushes blood around the body, carrying oxygen to all the muscles and cells
-removes carbon dioxide and waste products
-provents infection and fights disease

Question 3

systolic pressure

Answer 3

this is pressure in the arteries as the left ventricle contracts. it is a maximum reading

Question 4

diastolic pressure

Answer 4

this is pressure in the arteries as the left ventricle relaxes. it is a minimum reading

Question 5

where should blood pressure range from?

Answer 5

from 100/60 to 140/90 , an average is 120/80

Question 6

the structure of blood vessels in arteries:

Answer 6

the lumen - is small in relation to the diameter of the artery
-the wall of an artery is thick, with a lot of muscle and elastic fibre

-a capillary is very small, walls only one cell thick
-the lumen of a capillary is big enough for a red blood cell to squeeze through

Question 7

the structure of a blood vessel in veins:

Answer 7

-the wall of a vein is relatively thin with just little muscle and elastic fibre
-the lumen is relatively large in comparison to the diameter of the vein

Question 8

aspects of arteries

Answer 8

-take blood away from the heart
-thick walls
-more elastic
-carries blood at a higher pressure
-carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
-has no valves
-has smaller lumen

Question 9

aspects of veins

Answer 9

-take blood to the heart
-thin walls
-less elastic
-carries blood at a lower pressure
-carries deoxygenated blood to the heart
-has valves
-wide lumen

Question 10

heart beat

Answer 10

one contraction of the heart

Question 11

heart rate

Answer 11

the number of times the heart beats per minute

Question 12

stroke volume

Answer 12

the amount of blood pumped out in one beat

Question 13

cardiac output

Answer 13

the amount of blood pumped out in one minute

Question 14

systole

Answer 14

the faze of the heart beat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the atriums into the ventricles

Question 15

diastole

Answer 15

the faze of the heart beat when the heart muscle relaxes and lets the chambers fill with blood

Question 16

what happens to the cv system during exercise?

Answer 16

-increase heart rate:
(the average heart rate is between 60-80 bpm), the fitter you are, the stronger your heart is, which means your resting heart rate will be lower
-increase blood pressure:
as more blood is pumped around the body the pressure on the walls of the blood vessel increases

Question 17

capillaries

Answer 17

-one cell thick
-blood pressure very low
-links arteries and veins
at one end they have oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen and nutrients to the muscle
-on the other end there is deoxygenated blood which picks up carbon dioxide and gets rid of it
-gaseous exchange also take place here, when oxygen goes into the tissues and carbon dioxide goes out
-they are important in sport because they are the point where oxygen is delivered to the muscle and then deoxygenated blood is taken away

Question 18

red blood cells

Answer 18

-shaped like discs also called erythrocytes
-haemoglobin gives them there red colour and attracts oxygen
-high cell count
-low cell count (anaemia) symptoms are: breathlessness and lack of energy due to lack of oxygen. losing blood or lack of iron can also cause this.

Question 19

how do red blood cells help to perform better in sport?

Answer 19

-people at high outitude often have more red blood cells as the air is thinner, so their bodies help out by creating more red blood cells.
-atheletes will train at high outitude before big competitions to naturally increase there red blood cell count.
-when they return to sea level the cells remain for a period of time which help them perform better. endurance athletes will benefit form this.

Question 20

white blood cells

Answer 20

-these are transparent cells also called (leukocytes)
-they fight infection

Question 21

blood platelets

Answer 21

-formed in the red bone marrow
-cause your blood to clot

Question 22

plasma

Answer 22

-this is the fluid part of the blood
-it is yellow
-its job is to circulate between cells
-contains: salt, sugar, antibodies, waste products and plasma proteins
-made up of 90% water

Question 23

vascular shunting

Answer 23

-as your exercise, your body will divert blood to the areas that need it the most
-this is achieved through vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Question 24

vasodilation

Answer 24

-as the muscles work harder, oxygen levels drop. lactic acid and CO2 build up
-blood vessels will now dilate (get bigger) so oxygen can get to them easier as the blood flows easier
-it also helps get rid of the build up of heat

Question 25

vasoconstriction

Answer 25

-when your start exercising the blood vessels will contract (get smaller)
-blood goes to the muscles sot he blood pressure rises
-reflexes get faster and muscles tense which enables blood to get to the muscle faster

Question 26

effects of regular exercise on the CV system

Answer 26

-increased stoke volume
-increased cardiac output (CO=SV x HR)
-size of heart increases
-decrease resting heart rate
-increase heart recovery rate
-lower blood pressure
-healthy veins and arteries