The Self

Question 1

When a highly trained professional experiences dissatisfaction, disillusionment, frustration, and weariness from her or his job, it is called __________.

Answer 1

Burnout

Question 2

Which broad pattern did psychologist Ravenna Helson identify in her research of women’s social roles?

Answer 2

For the most part, women who focused on family and career, generally showed positive changes in personality development

Question 3

Groups of people with whom one compares oneself are called __________.

Answer 3

reference groups

Question 4

Bernice is a go-getter at her sales job because she likes the finer things in life, such as sports cars, jewelry, and exotic vacations. Bernice is most likely motivated to succeed by __________.

Answer 4

Extrinsic factors

Question 5

Chico is 16 years old and wants to become an architect like his father. However, Chico has been tested and found to have a specific learning disability in mathematics. Chico may need to reconsider his career plans based upon this information. According to Ginzberg, Chico is in the __________ period of career choice.

Answer 5

tentative period

Question 6

When 18-month-old Jarrod realizes that he can ask his mother to give him a cookie, and that his mother will behave under her own power to respond to his request, then Jarrod sees his mother as a __________.

Answer 6

compliant agent

Question 7

Which U.S. societal model views individual cultural identities as needing to be integrated into a unified culture?

Answer 7

cultural assimilation model

Question 8

__________ refers to an individual’s overall and specific self-evaluations, whereas __________ reflects beliefs and cognitions about the self.

Answer 8

self-esteem
self-concept

Question 9

Self-awareness:

Answer 9

-a sense of self and behavior

Question 10

Compliant agents:

Answer 10

-infants learn to understand that they need to ask for objects, and their caregiver can comply, or not

Question 11

Rouge test:

Answer 11

measures self-concept by using a red dot on the nose of a child

Question 12

Self concept

Answer 12

-how one thinks of themselves
-their ideas of themselves

Question 13

Self-esteem:

Answer 13

-how one feels about themselves
-negative/positive evaluation

Question 14

Self-identity

Answer 14

-attributing different characteristics to oneself

Question 15

Collectivistic orientation

Answer 15

-promotes interdependence, group work, and focusing on relationships

Question 16

Individualistic orientation

Answer 16

-promotes uniqueness of people, or individuality

Question 17

Race dissonance:

Answer 17

-showing preference for the majority of a specific group

Question 18

Psychological moratorium:

Answer 18

-taking the time to explore new things/areas

Question 19

Identity achievement:

Answer 19

-the status in which adolescents commit to a particular identity, and have already explored other identities.

Question 20

Identity foreclosure

Answer 20

-the status in which adolescents commit to an identity BUT did not explore other alternatives

Question 21

Diffusion is:

Answer 21

-adolescents who have considered various identities, but can’t bring themselves to stick to one identity

Question 22

Cultural assimilation:

Answer 22

-the majority of the culture should be the dominant culture

Question 23

Pluralistic society:

Answer 23

-made up of a diverse set of groups

Question 24

Bicultural identity:

Answer 24

-ppl can be part of one culture, but also integrate themselves into another

Question 25

Social clock:

Answer 25

-everyone goes through major milestones
-the timing of specific events are different

Question 26

Career consolidation

Answer 26

-when young adults center on their careers

Question 27

Social-identity-theory

Answer 27

-if minorities do not accept the negative views of their culture, and therefore label themselves with said group, self-esteem will be positive

Question 28

Social Comparison

Answer 28

-downward: comparing your abilities to people who are doing worse

-upward: comparing your abilities to people who are more successful

Question 29

Reference group

Answer 29

-the different groups that one compares themselves to

Question 30

Ginzbergs 3 career stages:

Answer 30

-fantasy period
-tentative period
-realistic period

Question 31

Holland’s personality type theory:

Answer 31

-realistic
-intellectual
-social
-conventional
-enterprising
-artistic

Question 32

Communal professions

Answer 32

-suggests that ppl, specifically women should work in making relationships

Question 33

Agentic professions:

Answer 33

-occupations that have to do with getting things done/accomplished

Question 34

The gender wage gap:

Answer 34

-women tend to be underrepresented
-women in some jobs earn less than men do
-discrimination

Question 35

Status

Answer 35

-society indicates/ evaluates a person’s role

Question 36

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 36

-doing something to obtain a reward or something in the environment

Question 37

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 37

-doing something without much regard to a reward, but rather work to benefit your learning

Question 38

Burnout

Answer 38

-dissatisfaction, uninterest to a job/school, event in life

Question 39

Unemployment

Answer 39

-hard reality
-leave people to feel stressed, anxious, depressed
-middle-aged adults are unemployed longer than younger people

Question 40

Age discrimination

Answer 40

-it is illegal to discriminate a person for their age
-retirement is not mandatory, but is a common norm for middle-late adulthood