The Self Flashcards
When a highly trained professional experiences dissatisfaction, disillusionment, frustration, and weariness from her or his job, it is called __________.
Burnout
Which broad pattern did psychologist Ravenna Helson identify in her research of women’s social roles?
For the most part, women who focused on family and career, generally showed positive changes in personality development
Groups of people with whom one compares oneself are called __________.
reference groups
Bernice is a go-getter at her sales job because she likes the finer things in life, such as sports cars, jewelry, and exotic vacations. Bernice is most likely motivated to succeed by __________.
Extrinsic factors
Chico is 16 years old and wants to become an architect like his father. However, Chico has been tested and found to have a specific learning disability in mathematics. Chico may need to reconsider his career plans based upon this information. According to Ginzberg, Chico is in the __________ period of career choice.
tentative period
When 18-month-old Jarrod realizes that he can ask his mother to give him a cookie, and that his mother will behave under her own power to respond to his request, then Jarrod sees his mother as a __________.
compliant agent
Which U.S. societal model views individual cultural identities as needing to be integrated into a unified culture?
cultural assimilation model
__________ refers to an individual’s overall and specific self-evaluations, whereas __________ reflects beliefs and cognitions about the self.
self-esteem
self-concept
Self-awareness:
-a sense of self and behavior
Compliant agents:
-infants learn to understand that they need to ask for objects, and their caregiver can comply, or not
Rouge test:
measures self-concept by using a red dot on the nose of a child
Self concept
-how one thinks of themselves
-their ideas of themselves
Self-esteem:
-how one feels about themselves
-negative/positive evaluation
Self-identity
-attributing different characteristics to oneself
Collectivistic orientation
-promotes interdependence, group work, and focusing on relationships
Individualistic orientation
-promotes uniqueness of people, or individuality
Race dissonance:
-showing preference for the majority of a specific group
Psychological moratorium:
-taking the time to explore new things/areas
Identity achievement:
-the status in which adolescents commit to a particular identity, and have already explored other identities.
Identity foreclosure
-the status in which adolescents commit to an identity BUT did not explore other alternatives
Diffusion is:
-adolescents who have considered various identities, but can’t bring themselves to stick to one identity
Cultural assimilation:
-the majority of the culture should be the dominant culture
Pluralistic society:
-made up of a diverse set of groups
Bicultural identity:
-ppl can be part of one culture, but also integrate themselves into another
Social clock:
-everyone goes through major milestones
-the timing of specific events are different
Career consolidation
-when young adults center on their careers
Social-identity-theory
-if minorities do not accept the negative views of their culture, and therefore label themselves with said group, self-esteem will be positive
Social Comparison
-downward: comparing your abilities to people who are doing worse
-upward: comparing your abilities to people who are more successful
Reference group
-the different groups that one compares themselves to
Ginzbergs 3 career stages:
-fantasy period
-tentative period
-realistic period
Holland’s personality type theory:
-realistic
-intellectual
-social
-conventional
-enterprising
-artistic
Communal professions
-suggests that ppl, specifically women should work in making relationships
Agentic professions:
-occupations that have to do with getting things done/accomplished
The gender wage gap:
-women tend to be underrepresented
-women in some jobs earn less than men do
-discrimination
Status
-society indicates/ evaluates a person’s role
Extrinsic motivation
-doing something to obtain a reward or something in the environment
Intrinsic motivation
-doing something without much regard to a reward, but rather work to benefit your learning
Burnout
-dissatisfaction, uninterest to a job/school, event in life
Unemployment
-hard reality
-leave people to feel stressed, anxious, depressed
-middle-aged adults are unemployed longer than younger people
Age discrimination
-it is illegal to discriminate a person for their age
-retirement is not mandatory, but is a common norm for middle-late adulthood
