Social & Emotional Dev.

Question 1

The __________, located deep within the brain’s temporal lobes, is central to the experience of emotions and provides a link between the perception of an emotion-producing stimulus and a later memory of that stimulus.

Answer 1

amygdala

Question 2

What conclusion did Harry Harlow reach based on his research with infant monkeys?

Answer 2

Harry found that infant monkeys were more likely to approach the comfort mother, rather than the feeding mother. Suggesting that comfort is important during the early developmental stage

Question 3

Joyce is planning to take a year and a half leave from her job because she wants to stay home and care for her newborn child. Joyce believes that during the first 18 months of a child’s life, it is critical that she make herself available to meet her child’s needs and provide needed attention. Erik Erikson would say that Joyce’s decision comes at a good time to address what stage of her child’s development?

Answer 3

trust vs mistrust stage

Question 4

Basic facial expressions of emotion, called nonverbal __________, are fairly consistent among people of all ages.

Answer 4

encoding

Question 5

__________ can be used to demonstrate the limits to a 3-year-old child’s theory of mind.

Answer 5

The false belief task

Question 6

Which theory of aging proposes that people need to maintain their desired level of involvement in society in order to maximize their sense of well-being and self-esteem?

Answer 6

continuity theory

Question 7

Which traits comprise the “Big Five” dimensions of personality?

Answer 7

-openness
-conscientious
-extroverted
-neuroticism

Question 8

Patterns of arousal and emotionality that are consistent and enduring characteristics of an individual are called __________.

Answer 8

temperament

Question 9

Attachment is

Answer 9

the positive emotional bond a child develops b/w them and an individual

Question 10

What is imprinting?

Answer 10

behavior that occurs during a critical period
-getting attached to the first moving object
-only common in animals

Question 11

What happened in the Strange Situation experiment?

Question 12

2 categories of attachment

Answer 12

Secure
Insecure

Question 13

3 types of insecure attachment style, describe them:

Answer 13

-Avoidant: child doesn’t seek proximity to caregiver, avoids them

-Ambivalent/anxious: child displays a combination of positive and negative reactions to caregiver

-Disorganized: child shows confusing behavior towards caregiver

Question 14

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Answer 14

challenges forming relationships with others. A result from neglect/abuse

Question 15

Interactional Synchrony

Answer 15

Caregiver/Parent responds accurately to child

Question 16

Infants sociability with peers includes:

Answer 16

-infants imitate other infants
-sociability rises with age

Question 17

Mirror Neurons

Answer 17

-Are not confirmed in people but with monkeys
-Suggests that people mimic others, especially people they like
-diffused regions of the brain

Question 18

Theory of Mind

Answer 18

-guessing/theorizing a particular situation, such as how someone may be feeling, thinking, and doing something

Question 19

Social Learning Theory

Answer 19

-learning from other by observing

Question 20

Emotions in Infancy (list 4 different emotional experiences, you will explain them after.)

Answer 20

-Stranger anxiety
-Separation anxiety
-Nonverbal encoding and decoding

Question 21

Stranger Anxiety

Question 22

Separation Anxiety

Question 23

Nonverbal encoding vs. nonverbal decoding

Question 24

Social Referencing and social smiling

Question 25

False Belief Task

Question 26

Alexithymia

Answer 26

-deficit disorders in emotional regulation and impairment in socioemotional communication

Question 27

Autism Spectrum Disorder and their ability to feel what other feel:

Answer 27

-intellectual disability
-attention deficit
-alexithymia
-impaired theory of mind

-However, there is a misinterpretation about them and how they have a hard time interpreting facial and social expressions.

Question 28

Emotional dev. in middle childhood

Answer 28

-children are able to control their emotions
-understand and cope with emotions
-able to hide their emotions
-develop empathy
-still, children can struggle

Question 29

Emotional dev. in adolescence

Answer 29

-emotional responses are more extreme
-moods change
-tend to be negative

Question 30

Neurological basis of emotion: (Hint: 3 brain areas)

Answer 30

Amygdala: responsible for experiencing emotions

Hippocampus: responsible for learning and memory

Left ventromedial cortex: in the frontal lobe, responsible for regulating/inhibiting emotions

Question 31

What is emotion regulation?

Answer 31

-adjusting emotions to a desired state
-takes cognitive and physical effort

Question 32

What are the top 3 emotional difficulties that adolescents experience?

Answer 32

-Anxiety
-Depression
-Suicide

Question 33

Anxiety disorders

Answer 33

-no external justification needed
-impacts everyday functioning
-hypervigilance
-avoidance

Question 34

Depression Disorders

Answer 34

-severe and lingers

-ppl STOP engaging in activities

-some adolescents are PREDISPOSED to it

-social and environmental changes are reasons for it

-ppl with depression have low levels of norepinephrine(neurotransmitter)

Question 35

Suicide

Answer 35

-suicide is higher in girls
-girls attempt suicide
-hopelessness
-social inhibition
-high stress
-family problems

Question 36

3 psychological needs in adulthood (briefly describe them):

Answer 36

-disengagement theory: withdrawing from the world

-activity theory: maintain interests and activity

-continuity theory: maintain involvement in society

Question 37

Temperament is:

Answer 37

patterns of arousal and emotionality that are consistent

Question 38

Stabilities in infant behavior include:

Answer 38

-Activity level: aka movement patterns
-irritability

-easy babies(adaptable) difficult (slower to adapt) slow-to-warm (adapt slowly, calm) babies

Question 39

Approach withdrawal

Answer 39

response to person/object

Question 40

threshold of responsiveness is:

Answer 40

intensity of stimulation, which elicits a response

Question 41

Erikson’s 8 stage theory of dev.

Answer 41

trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
identity vs. identity confusion
intimacy vs. isolation
integrity vs. stagnation

Question 42

Vaillant’s idea on additional dev. stage: meaning vs. rigidity

Answer 42

-in adulthood, Vaillant suggests that ppl either find meaning in their lives and move on based off of that
-OR, are rigid and isolate themselves instead

Question 43

Levinson’s seasons of life

Answer 43

-midlife crisis: a time of uncertainty and indecision
-was not supported

Question 44

Pecks 3 step theory:
(hint: ___vs.____)

Answer 44

redefinition of Self vs. work role

Body transcendence vs. preoccupation

Ego transcendence vs. preoccupation

Question 45

Life Review is;

Answer 45

-reminiscing
-a common theme in personality dev.

Question 46

Traits

Answer 46

-different personality characteristics
-what differentiates ppl

Question 47

Five Factor Model

Answer 47

OCEAN
-openness=imaginative, tries new things
conscientious=organized
-extroversion= outgoing, social
-agreeableness= trusting, helpful
-neuroticism=emotional stability vs. instability

Question 48

The BFI is:

Answer 48

-a self-report scale designed to measure the 5 personality traits