Moral Dev, Spirituality, & Aggression

Question 1

Moral Development

Answer 1

-the change in ppl’s understanding of right and wrong, justice, and behavior related to it.

Question 2

Altruism

Answer 2

-sacrificing yourself, in hopes to help somebody else

Question 3

Prosocial behavior

Answer 3

-helping behavior that benefits others

Question 4

Abstract modeling

Answer 4

-modeling paves the way for developing general rules and principles.

Question 5

Empathy vs. Sympathy

Answer 5

-Empathy is understanding what ppl feel
-Sympathy is feeling pity for what someone is feeling or going through.

Question 6

Morality Biological Factors

Question 7

Sigmund Freud’s theory about morality

Answer 7

-superego: the part of the personality that represents do’s and donts, is developed through the oedipal conflict:

Question 8

Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning

Answer 8

-Preconventional: 1st level, consistent interests of an individual are considered based on rewards and punishments

-Conventional: approaching moral problems based on ones position as good and resposnible society members.

-Postconventional: 3rd level, ppl use broader moral principles

Question 9

Gilligan’s perspective on moral reasoning

Answer 9

-Gender-women and male differences in moral approaches

1. Orientation toward individual survival: what is practical and best for self
2. Goodness as self-sacrifice: the idea that women should sacrifice her own wishes
3. Morality of non-violence: moral equivalence is established b/w self and others

Question 10

Haidt’s moral foundations:

Answer 10

-Answering with your gut, not going by logic

Question 11

Moral intentions and actual behavior–>

Answer 11

-we do not always do what we say we would do

Question 12

Social domain approach:

Answer 12

-moral reasoning needs to be considered in the context in which judgements are being made
AKA
-distinguishing moral issues that impact others

Question 13

Right-based reasoning:

Answer 13

-certain rights are assumed and earned

Question 14

Duty-based:

Answer 14

-ppl need to behave a certain way b/c they are responsible for it

Question 15

Social exchange theory

Answer 15

-we seek to maximize our benefits and minimize costs

Question 16

Reciprocity

Answer 16

-expecting that people who we help, will help us

Question 17

Social responsibility norm-

Answer 17

-expectation that we should help ppl who are dependent on us

Question 18

Parent Teaching styles

Answer 18

Authoritarian: very strict, rigid, and controlling parents. Expect obedience, and do not tolerate disagreements.

Permissive: inconsistent feedback, require less from their children .

Negligent:

Authoritative: parents who are firm and have clear and consistent limits. Try to reason with their children and give explanations.

Question 19

Teaching styles and culture

Answer 19

-teaching styles differ culture to culture based on norms, rules and traditions. Not necessarily excluded from the different forms of teaching styles.

Question 20

Spirituality

Answer 20

-set of beliefs system
-attachment to some higher power

Question 21

Faith factor

Question 22

Religion benefits:

Answer 22

-healthy behaviors, social support, create positive emotions, and have better health

Question 23

Piaget’s stages of religious thinking:

Answer 23

-Preoperational:

-Concrete:

-Post operational:

Question 24

Individuate-reflective:

Answer 24

-your concept of religion, is different from other ppls religion

Question 25

Conjunctive stage:

Answer 25

-seeing religions as somewhat similar to each other

Question 26

Aggression

Answer 26

behavior that is intended to injure or harm another person

Question 27

Instrumental aggression:

Answer 27

-aggressive behavior towards somebody for the purpose to harm and obtain a goal

Question 28

Relational aggression:

Answer 28

-passive aggressiveness
-no physical aggressive behavior, but hurting somebodies feelings

Question 29

Biology of aggression

Question 30

Social-learning theory (bandura-bobo doll)

Answer 30

-children learn to behave violently if they see an adult being violent
-modeling behavior
-in the bobo doll exp. children observed how an adult treated the bobo doll, left the room, and the child would do what the adult was previously doing.

Question 31

Modeling aggression

Question 32

Frustration-aggression principle

Question 33

Hostile bias

Question 34

Aggression and violence in children

Question 35

Spousal abuse

Question 36

Abuse stages theory

Answer 36

Tension builds

Acute-battering incident

Loving contrition

Question 37

Cycle of violence hypothesis

Answer 37

• the theory that abuse and neglect a child experiences, will predispose them to act the same towards their own children.

Question 38

Elder abuse

Answer 38

physical or psychological mistreatment to the elderly