Moral Dev, Spirituality, & Aggression Flashcards
Moral Development
-the change in ppl’s understanding of right and wrong, justice, and behavior related to it.
Altruism
-sacrificing yourself, in hopes to help somebody else
Prosocial behavior
-helping behavior that benefits others
Abstract modeling
-modeling paves the way for developing general rules and principles.
Empathy vs. Sympathy
-Empathy is understanding what ppl feel
-Sympathy is feeling pity for what someone is feeling or going through.
Morality Biological Factors
Sigmund Freud’s theory about morality
-superego: the part of the personality that represents do’s and donts, is developed through the oedipal conflict:
Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning
-Preconventional: 1st level, consistent interests of an individual are considered based on rewards and punishments
-Conventional: approaching moral problems based on ones position as good and resposnible society members.
-Postconventional: 3rd level, ppl use broader moral principles
Gilligan’s perspective on moral reasoning
-Gender-women and male differences in moral approaches
- Orientation toward individual survival: what is practical and best for self
- Goodness as self-sacrifice: the idea that women should sacrifice her own wishes
- Morality of non-violence: moral equivalence is established b/w self and others
Haidt’s moral foundations:
-Answering with your gut, not going by logic
Moral intentions and actual behavior–>
-we do not always do what we say we would do
Social domain approach:
-moral reasoning needs to be considered in the context in which judgements are being made
AKA
-distinguishing moral issues that impact others
Right-based reasoning:
-certain rights are assumed and earned
Duty-based:
-ppl need to behave a certain way b/c they are responsible for it
Social exchange theory
-we seek to maximize our benefits and minimize costs
Reciprocity
-expecting that people who we help, will help us
Social responsibility norm-
-expectation that we should help ppl who are dependent on us
Parent Teaching styles
Authoritarian: very strict, rigid, and controlling parents. Expect obedience, and do not tolerate disagreements.
Permissive: inconsistent feedback, require less from their children .
Negligent:
Authoritative: parents who are firm and have clear and consistent limits. Try to reason with their children and give explanations.
Teaching styles and culture
-teaching styles differ culture to culture based on norms, rules and traditions. Not necessarily excluded from the different forms of teaching styles.
Spirituality
-set of beliefs system
-attachment to some higher power
Faith factor
Religion benefits:
-healthy behaviors, social support, create positive emotions, and have better health
Piaget’s stages of religious thinking:
-Preoperational:
-Concrete:
-Post operational:
Individuate-reflective:
-your concept of religion, is different from other ppls religion
Conjunctive stage:
-seeing religions as somewhat similar to each other
Aggression
behavior that is intended to injure or harm another person
Instrumental aggression:
-aggressive behavior towards somebody for the purpose to harm and obtain a goal
Relational aggression:
-passive aggressiveness
-no physical aggressive behavior, but hurting somebodies feelings
Biology of aggression
Social-learning theory (bandura-bobo doll)
-children learn to behave violently if they see an adult being violent
-modeling behavior
-in the bobo doll exp. children observed how an adult treated the bobo doll, left the room, and the child would do what the adult was previously doing.
Modeling aggression
Frustration-aggression principle
Hostile bias
Aggression and violence in children
Spousal abuse
Abuse stages theory
Tension builds
Acute-battering incident
Loving contrition
Cycle of violence hypothesis
- the theory that abuse and neglect a child experiences, will predispose them to act the same towards their own children.
Elder abuse
physical or psychological mistreatment to the elderly
