Chapter 8: Intelligence Flashcards
Intelligence is…
-the capacity and ability to understand the world, think rationally, use resources to deal with challenges
Intelligence/cognitive tests: (HINT: 3 of them)
-Achievement tests
-aptitude tests
-IQ tests
Achievement tests:
-measures and demonstrates what you have already learned
Aptitude tests:
-predicts the abilities or tasks that one can thrive in
IQ tests:
-assesses general cognitive ability
Two types of intelligence:
-fluid: info processing, reasoning, memory
-crystallized: cumulative info, skills, strategies learned and applied
Reliability & Validity with testing
-a test is reliable if it measures information in a consistent manner
-a test is valid if IT ACTUALLY measures what it’s supposed to measure
What are some specific learning disorders? Explain a learning disorder.
-Dyslexia
-ADHD
-Learning challenges in listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities
Dyslexia
-reading disability
-reversal of letters
-confusing left and right
-spelling difficulties
ADHD
-attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder
-inattention
-impulsiveness
-low tolerance
-frustration
General intelligence (HINT: g)
-Spearman
-similar to IQ
-correlates test scores
-broad mental capicity
-underlies different skills
Gardner’s multiple intelligences
-8 distinct abilities:
-linguistic
-logical/mathematical
-musical
-visual/spatial
-bodily
-intrapersonal
-interpersonal
-naturalistic
Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence
-3 distinct abilities:
1. practical
2. creative
3. analytical
Cattel-Horn-Carrol model of intelligence:
-7 broad abilities
-70 narrow abilities
Creativity
combo of ideas in unique, and useful ways
What is the developmental age in which creative abilities peak?
20s-30s
Development Quotient
A score associated with the performance of
1.motor skills
2.language use
3. adaptive behavior
4. personal and social skills
Barley Scales of Infant Development is…
what evaluates an infants development from 2-42 months looking at:
-senses
-perception
-memory
-learning
-problem solving
-language
-as well as motor abilities
Visual-recognition memory is:
measures in memory and recognition of a stimulus that has been seen and attention competence relate to later IQ
Cross-modal transference is
distinguishing an experience or event through the senses
What is the multimodal approach to perception:
information processing skills of various sensory systems is associated with intelligence
What are some group differences in IQ?
-Cultural background
-racial groups
Stereotype threat
-the tendency to feed into or confirm set up beliefs about a certain group of people
Flynn Effect
-means that standardized intelligence scores have risen over the past centuries
Selective Optimization
-the process ppl use to concentrate on a specific skill to make up for a loss in another area
Intellectual disability
-challenges/ limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive abilities
Different types of intellectual disabilities(HINT: FI,FA,DS,MI,MOI,SI,PI)
-familial intellectual disability (no apparent cause for it)
-fetal alcohol syndrome
-down syndrome (extra 21st chromosome)
-mild intellectual
-moderate intellectual
-severe intellectual
-profound intellectual
Least restrictive environment is where:
-special needs children are put in an environment where they are with children w/o special needs
Mainstreaming is:
-when children are placed in the traditional educational system with a variety of education alternatives
Full inclusion means:
-the integration of all students, including those with disabilities
Gifted
-children with high performance in which require services that align with the level of capabilities they are in
Acceleration
-the process in which students move ahead at their own pace
-skip grade levels if necessary
Enrichment
-Kept at grade level
-But enrolled in special advanced classes
The Wechsler intelligence scale for children measures:
verbal and performance skills
The Wechsler intelligence scale for adults measures:
verbal and performance skills too
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children measures:
-verbal and nonverbal abilities
-ability to integrate different stimuli at the same time
