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Psychology Courses > Ch.12: Helping > Flashcards

Ch.12: Helping Flashcards

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1
Q

What does it mean to help

A

engaging in behavior that helps someone’s ability to cope with a situation or another person

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2
Q

What is altruism?

A

it is an inclination that increases another persons well being without regarding ones own needs

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3
Q

Theories of Helping

A
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4
Q

What does the social exchange theory pertain to?

A

Tendency to weigh out the costs and benefits to help in a situation

The more benefits, the more one helps, and the more costs, the less help

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5
Q

What do external rewards result in?

A

Increasing corporate image, giving someone a ride hoping for friendship, get money etc

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6
Q

What do internal rewards result in

A

Makes me feel good, increase self-esteem, reduce guilt,

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7
Q

What are two recognizable Social Norms

A

Reciprocity norm
Social responsibility norm

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8
Q

What is the reciprocity norm?

A

it is the belief that we should help those who have helped us

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9
Q

What is the social responsibility norm?

A

it is the belief that we should help people who need helping

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10
Q

What is Empathy

A

Trying to experience something as someone else

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11
Q

What two paths can lead to helping?

A

-Egoistic Route
-Altruistic Route

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12
Q

What is the egoistic route?

A

It is when ppl help to reduce their OWN distress

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13
Q

What is the altruistic route?

A

It is when help to reduce ANOTHER person’s distress

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14
Q

What does the existence of Genuine Altruism claim?

A

Research has mixed results–but Batson concludes that empathy induced altruism is human nature

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15
Q

Influences on Helping

A
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16
Q

What is the bystander effect?

A

an individual who is present with more ppl. is less likely to help

17
Q

What happened to Kitty Genovese?

A

Kitty was attacked and stabbed outside of her NYC apartments. 38 were witnesses, but NO ONE CALLED THE POLICE–once someone did it was already too late.

18
Q

What did the smoke in the room experiment demonstrate?

A

There was ether one or 3 people in a room. Smoke enters the room. When one person was in the room, they responded quicker. When there were 3 people, they responded less quickly

19
Q

What 5 factors influence help?

A

-Noticing
-Interpreting the situation
-Assuming responsibility
-Time pressures
-Similarity

20
Q

Noticing

A

impacts behavior by whether ppl notice another persons need.

21
Q

Interpreting the Situation

A

when ppl realize that help is needed, it influences whether ppl help or not

22
Q

Assuming responsibility

A

responsibility for helping gets distributed towards the ppl who are present. With less ppl, an individual may take responsibility and helps

23
Q

What study demonstrates time pressures?

A

The Princeton seminar study: gave a lecture on the good samaritan. 1/2 of the participants were told they were late, and 1/2 of the participants told they had all the time in the world. Those who had more time, stopped the most

24
Q

How does similarity influence helping?

A

More help is done towards people who they find similarity with

Fe: Participants who dressed like researchers and asked for money were more likely to help

25
Q

Increasing Helping

A
25
Q

How does reducing ambiguity influence helping? give example

A

When people give time to interpret a situation—ppl can increased responsibility and help people in that given situation.

ex: a life guard tells people there is a situation and to keep calm–the life guard then tells someone else to call 911

26
Q

How does guilt increase helping? give an ex.

A

inducing guilt onto ppl, can make them help in order to restore their self-image

ex: mom says she has so much to do and that if she does not receive help she could get an early heart attack

27
Q

What is the effects of learning by doing? give ex.

A

teaching others to help, induces more help in the future
ex: a teacher has students do a service learning project where they volunteer to help for 8 hrs.

28
Q

Modeling helping

A

being a model for others by demonstrating that you do something to help

ex: a father tells his son that he cannot hang out during the weekend because he needs to help set up for a charity event.

29
Q

To teach help

A

a teacher teaches social exchange theory, social norms, empathy, and the influences oh help to increase helping

30
Q

What is Moral Inclusion?

A

when ppl experience and realize we are one and should put ppl who deserve help.

31
Q

Personalized Appeal

A

personal invitations are more influential
ex: new blood donors were more likely to be present when they were personally invited

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