Chapter 7: Language Dev.

Question 1

Language is

Answer 1

a systematic arrangement of symbols that provide communication

Question 2

Phenomes

Answer 2

-basic sounds of language

Question 3

Morphemes

Answer 3

-small units of meaning

Question 4

Semantics

Answer 4

-Rules that give meaning to words/sentences

Question 5

Linguistic comprehension

Answer 5

-Understanding speech
-starts at 6 months

Question 6

Linguistic production

Answer 6

-producing language
-or using language to communicate

Question 7

Productive language stages

Answer 7

-babbling (prelinguistic)
-one-word (holophrases)
-two-word
-telegraphic speech(very short sentences)

Question 8

2 types of linguistic inaccuracies: (HINT: under…and over…)

Answer 8

-Underextension: using words too restrictively

-Overextension: using words too broadly

Question 9

Language styles reflect…

Answer 9

-cultural factors
-referential style
-expressive style

Question 10

Syntax

Answer 10

-combining words and phrases to form sentences

Question 11

Fast mapping

Answer 11

-words are associated with their meaning after encountering it

Question 12

Grammar

Answer 12

-whole system of language structure

Question 13

Pragmatic abilities

Answer 13

-the ability to effectively and appropriately communicate

Question 14

Private Speech

Answer 14

-self speech or speech not directed to anyone in particular
-common with children

Question 15

Social speech

Answer 15

-speech that is directed to other people

Question 16

Intonation

Answer 16

-how the voice rises and falls in speech
-meaning can depend on intonation

Question 17

Metalinguistic awareness

Answer 17

-understanding how you use language

Question 18

Learning theory vs nativist approach

Answer 18

-Learning theory; language follows laws of reinforcement and conditioning through shaping

-Nativist approach: language is genetically determined and innate

Question 19

Universal grammar

Answer 19

-similar language structure around the world

Question 20

Language acquisition device

Answer 20

-neural system of the brain

-allows the understanding of language structure and provide strategies to learn it

Question 21

Interactionist approach

Answer 21

-language is produced through a combination of genetics and environment factors

Question 22

Linguistic relativity hypothesis

Answer 22

-language shapes and determines how people perceive the world

Question 23

The 3 views about the relationship b/w language & thought:

Answer 23

1. language could cause thoughts
2. thoughts produce certain language
3. though and language influence e/o

Question 24

Infant-directed speech

Answer 24

-short simple sentences
-pitch becomes higher
-amusing sounds

Question 25

Language & Poverty

Answer 25

-economic status impacts parental interactions with children -language exposure is associated with IQ performance -affluent parents spend more time with their kids vs. poor parents spend less time with their kids

Question 26

Bilingual education

Answer 26

-English learners go through a slower academic progress -students taught in native language first while learning English

Question 27

Alternate approach in bilingualism

Answer 27

-immersing and teaching students in the English language

Question 28

Bilingualism benefits

Answer 28

-cognitive advantages -more creative

Question 29

Allison is sitting in her high chair while her father prepares her dinner. Allison tries to get her father's attention by saying "eat" and "cookie." What are Allison's words an example of?

Answer 29

holophrases (aka one-word)

Question 30

What general rule governs the pace of language production and language comprehension?

Answer 30

comprehension precedes production

Question 31

The __________ states that language can shape and possibly determine the way people from various cultures perceive the world.

Answer 31

-linguistic-relativity hypothesis

Question 32

Alesander is 6 years old, and although he pronounces most words clearly, he has difficulty pronouncing "j," "v," "th," and "zh" sounds, which are examples of __________.

Answer 32

phonemes

Question 33

Because they have a wider range of linguistic possibilities to select from, children who are __________ tend to show more cognitive flexibility than their peers.

Answer 33

-bilingual

Question 34

Almost every time Amos articulates the word "da," his father picks him up with joy, smiles, and praises his son for trying to say "dad." The father's behavior reinforces Amos's behavior. Which theory of language acquisition is this an example of?

Answer 34

learning theory approach

Question 35

Which term refers to the way an individual combines words and phrases to form sentences?

Answer 35

-syntax

Question 36

Broca’s and Wernicke’s brain areas:

Answer 36

Broca's is associated with being able to speak- speech production, Wernicke is associated with ability to understand words