The self Flashcards
What is the self-concept?
A mental representation or overall sense of you (self-schemata), a puzzle
What are self schema?
Beliefs about aspects of your identity
What is the looking glass self?
the self concept is not based on how others see us, but how we imagine they do
What is situationism?
The change of our social self depending on the context (called the working self concept
What is self efficacy?
Belief in our ability to achieve goals (the higher it is the more confident you are in yourself)
What is the social identity theory?
Our identity is linked to particular social groups (in a relationships, ethnicity, etc)
How is sex and identity different from men and women?
Women: relational terms (with their close relationships)
Men: collectivist terms (belonging to social groups)
What is the difference between individualistic and collectivistic cultures?
I: independence
C: interdependence and connections between individuals
Three characteristics of individualism
accept responsibility for oneself, making independent decisions, becoming financially independent
What is the self-discrepancy theory?
we all have ideal selves that do not correspond to our actual selves (bigger gap = ++negative self-image)
What is the self-awareness?
When attention is brought upon the self, which results in behavioural self and is closer to our ideal self
What is the self esteem? (4)
evaluation of your own self-worth, physical and psychological attributes, generally stable, but can fluctuate, innate need to feel good about themselves
What is attribution?
Deciding what or who is responsible for a particular outcome
Self-serving attribution (4)
we make attributions that allow us to see ourselves in the best light, external for negatives outcomes and internal for positive outcomes, we take credit for our success but blame others for our failures
What is the false consensus?
tendency to overestimate the number of people who act or think as we do (self protective function)
What is unrealistic optimism (positive and negative sides)?
Positive: better self-efficacy, speed recovery from setbacks
Negative: under prepare for negative occurrences
What is the social comparison theory?
We compare ourselves to PEOPLE who are similar to us in a given situation (upward: envy of better, downward: thinking we are better than most people ==> without judgement)
Basking In Reflected Glory
feeling good by identifying with (similar) others who are successful
Cutting Off Reflective Failure
Distancing ourselves from (similar) others who have failed
Basking In spite of Reflected Failure
Maybe why losing teams still have fans
Cutting Off Reflected Success
We do not abandon teams for more successful ones
What is self-presentation?
presenting the person we would like others to believe we are
What is self-handicapping
if we dont live up to standard of our own self-presentation, self-defeating behaviour to protect the self in public (self-sabotage)
