Aggression Flashcards
What is aggression?
Behaviour that intends to harm another individual
What is the difference between hostile and instrumental aggression?
H: targeted, to make people suffer
I: for the greater good, for another purpose
What are the gender difference between males and females for aggression?
Males are more hostile whereas females are more relational (gossip, ostracizing and rumours)
What are the two types of aggression?
Direct - derived from aggressor, aimed (instrumental view - OBTAIN)
Indirect - not clearly derived from aggressor, victim is unclear (expressive view - RELEASE)
What is the instinct theory?
Aggression is innate and inevitable (from survival)
What is the frustration theory?
Result of blocking another person’s goals, relative deprivation (feeling that others have something that we do not)
What is the cognitive-neoassociation theory?
Negative result leads to anger and then aggression (ex.: failed exam)
What is the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
Engaging in any aggressive action reduces the motive to engage in further aggression (venting does not work, it makes you angrier)
What is the social learning theory?
Aggression is learned by watching other people, reinforcement and punishment, modeling others
What are aversive experiences?
Undesirable experiences (pain, overcrowding, attack, discomfort, etc.)
What is the negative affect?
A wide variety of noxious stimuli can create negative feelings and increase aggression (heat, social rejection)
What is the positive affect?
Positive emotional responses are incompatible with negative affect (reduces aggression)
How does arousal influence aggression?
Physical arousal has the capacity to increase our potential for aggression (label based on situational information)
How can we reduce aggression?
Punishment: might work slightly but not completely effective
Modeling non-aggression: role models = less aggressive
Training: preventing aggression before it happens by teaching non-violent problem solving and conflict resolution skills
