The Roman World Flashcards
Dates for the Roman Republic
509 - 27 B.C.
When Julius Caesar was assassinated
[March 15,] 44 B.C.
Dates for the Roman Empire
27 B.C. - A.D. 476
Date for the Fall of the Western Roman Empire
A.D. 476
Dates of the Pax Romana
27 B.C. - A.D.180
Meaning of Pax Romana
Roman Peace
Destruction of Jerusalem
A.D. 70
Destroyed Jerusalem
Titus
Gaul
Ancient region of Europe located in modern-day France[, S Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland; NW Germany; and N Italy]
Roman meaning of proletariat
The lowest class of people who paid no taxes and served the state only by producing children
Nickname for the proletariat
“Proles”
Periods of Roman political life
Transition from a republic, to a dictatorship [Julius Caesar], to an empire
River where Rome was located (Rome’s central location)
Tiber River
True or False: Rome had hills for protection
True
Who ruled the family unit in Roman life?
The father
Roman term for the father’s rule of the family
Paterfamilias
Classes of Roman society
Patricians
Plebeians
Senate
Roman class which controlled the Senate
Patricians
Roman class which comprised the council of nobles
Senate
Class which comprised 90% of Roman society
Plebeians
Class which comprised 10% of Roman society
Patricians
True or False: Patricians were not wealthy
False
Class which comprised the Tribal Assembly
Plebeians
Group which represented plebeian concerns
The Tribal Assembly
Was Antiochus IV Seleucid, Ptolemaic, Antigonid, or Pergamene?
Seleucid
Attempted to destroy Judaism [in 168 B.C.]
Antiochus IV
Celebration commemorating the restoration of temple worship after Antiochus IV’s persecution of Judaism
Hanukkah
Hanukkah celebrated at which feast
Feast of Dedication
True or False: Carthage had a magnificent navy
True
Famous and very successful Carthaginian general of the 2nd Punic War
Hannibal
Roman general to defeat Hannibal
Scipio
Cause of the Fall of the Roman Republic
Deteriorating cooperation and internal dissension
Roman name for large plantations
Latifundia
Which brothers attempted reform of the Roman republic
The Gracchi brothers
True or False: The Gracchi brothers were up against an uncompromising Senate
True
Spartacus
Roman slave/gladiator to lead a slave revolt
Roman general to make military changes by restructuring the army
Gaius Marius
Rivals in the first Roman Civil War
Cornelius Sulla & Gaius Marius (they fought for military command)
Victor of the first Roman Civil War
Sulla
General to gain control of the legions in Gaul
Julius Caesar
How long the conquest of Gaul took
10 years
What gave Caesar fortune and loyal followers
His conquest of Gaul and Britain
Crossed the Rubicon river
Caesar
“Crossing the Rubicon”
Making an irrevocable decision
Responsible for the death/enslavement of over one million people
Caesar
Had an illegitimate son with Cleopatra and took her to Rome
Caesar
Changed the Roman calendar from lunar
Julius Caesar
Members of the 2nd Triumvirate
Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus
Mark Antony’s relation to Caesar
His lieutenant
Octavian’s relation to Caesar
Grand-nephew
After what event did the 2nd Triumvirate form
Caesar’s assassination
Naval battle where Octavian and Antony fought
Actium
Under which emperor was the Roman occupation of Britain
Claudius
Octavian aka
Augustus Caesar
The “first-citizen” of Rome
Octavian
Maintained near-control of the army
Octavian
True or False: Augustus did not have legislation against adultery
False
Meaning of “bread and circuses”
Free food and entertainment
Emperor which split the empire
Diocletian
Sharing of power among four rulers
Tetrarchy
Where Constantine crossed the Alps to evict Maxentius from Italy & capture Rome; also where he supposedly saw a cross in the sky, heard “in this sign conquer,” and won the battle
Milvian Bridge
Edict to give religious freedom
Edict of Milan
Declared King of the Jews
Herod the Great
Declared Herod King of the Jews
Octavian and Antony [by Senate agreement]
Destroyed Jerusalem’s temple
Titus
Rome’s contributions to Western Civilization
Military science
Romance languages
Architecture and engineering
Environment for birth and expansion of Christianity
True or False: Rome fell only in the West; the Eastern empire lived on
True
Reasons for the Roman Empire’s fall
There’s no single explanation; it had multiple causation. Some select reasons are:
Stagnation of technological innovation
Barbarian tribal invasions
True or False: Barbarians never warred against themselves; they only fought Rome
False
Former Roman mercenaries
The Germanic Heruli people
Various Barbarian groups
Visigoths
Vandals
Huns
Franks
Persuaded Attila to not attack Rome
Pope Leo I
Barbarian group that went on to dominate Europe
Franks
