The Roman World Flashcards by Ajani Mighty

Dates for the Roman Republic

509 - 27 B.C.

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When Julius Caesar was assassinated

[March 15,] 44 B.C.

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Dates for the Roman Empire

27 B.C. - A.D. 476

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Date for the Fall of the Western Roman Empire

A.D. 476

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Dates of the Pax Romana

27 B.C. - A.D.180

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Meaning of Pax Romana

Roman Peace

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Destruction of Jerusalem

A.D. 70

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Destroyed Jerusalem

Titus

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Gaul

Ancient region of Europe located in modern-day France[, S Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland; NW Germany; and N Italy]

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Roman meaning of proletariat

The lowest class of people who paid no taxes and served the state only by producing children

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Nickname for the proletariat

“Proles”

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Periods of Roman political life

Transition from a republic, to a dictatorship [Julius Caesar], to an empire

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River where Rome was located (Rome’s central location)

Tiber River

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True or False: Rome had hills for protection

True

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Who ruled the family unit in Roman life?

The father

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Roman term for the father’s rule of the family

Paterfamilias

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Classes of Roman society

Patricians
Plebeians
Senate

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Roman class which controlled the Senate

Patricians

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Roman class which comprised the council of nobles

Senate

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Class which comprised 90% of Roman society

Plebeians

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Class which comprised 10% of Roman society

Patricians

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True or False: Patricians were not wealthy

False

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Class which comprised the Tribal Assembly

Plebeians

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Group which represented plebeian concerns

The Tribal Assembly

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Was Antiochus IV Seleucid, Ptolemaic, Antigonid, or Pergamene?

Seleucid

Attempted to destroy Judaism [in 168 B.C.]

Antiochus IV

Celebration commemorating the restoration of temple worship after Antiochus IV's persecution of Judaism

Hanukkah

Hanukkah celebrated at which feast

Feast of Dedication

True or False: Carthage had a magnificent navy

True

Famous and very successful Carthaginian general of the 2nd Punic War

Hannibal

Roman general to defeat Hannibal

Scipio

Cause of the Fall of the Roman Republic

Deteriorating cooperation and internal dissension

Roman name for large plantations

Latifundia

Which brothers attempted reform of the Roman republic

The Gracchi brothers

True or False: The Gracchi brothers were up against an uncompromising Senate

True

Spartacus

Roman slave/gladiator to lead a slave revolt

Roman general to make military changes by restructuring the army

Gaius Marius

Rivals in the first Roman Civil War

Cornelius Sulla & Gaius Marius (they fought for military command)

Victor of the first Roman Civil War

Sulla

General to gain control of the legions in Gaul

Julius Caesar

How long the conquest of Gaul took

10 years

What gave Caesar fortune and loyal followers

His conquest of Gaul and Britain

Crossed the Rubicon river

Caesar

"Crossing the Rubicon"

Making an irrevocable decision

Responsible for the death/enslavement of over one million people

Caesar

Had an illegitimate son with Cleopatra and took her to Rome

Caesar

Changed the Roman calendar from lunar

Julius Caesar

Members of the 2nd Triumvirate

Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus

Mark Antony's relation to Caesar

His lieutenant

Octavian's relation to Caesar

Grand-nephew

After what event did the 2nd Triumvirate form

Caesar's assassination

Naval battle where Octavian and Antony fought

Actium

Under which emperor was the Roman occupation of Britain

Claudius

Octavian aka

Augustus Caesar

The "first-citizen" of Rome

Octavian

Maintained near-control of the army

Octavian

True or False: Augustus did not have legislation against adultery

False

Meaning of "bread and circuses"

Free food and entertainment

Emperor which split the empire

Diocletian

Sharing of power among four rulers

Tetrarchy

Where Constantine crossed the Alps to evict Maxentius from Italy & capture Rome; also where he supposedly saw a cross in the sky, heard "in this sign conquer," and won the battle

Milvian Bridge

Edict to give religious freedom

Edict of Milan

Declared King of the Jews

Herod the Great

Declared Herod King of the Jews

Octavian and Antony [by Senate agreement]

Destroyed Jerusalem's temple

Titus

Rome's contributions to Western Civilization

Military science Romance languages Architecture and engineering Environment for birth and expansion of Christianity

True or False: Rome fell only in the West; the Eastern empire lived on

True

Reasons for the Roman Empire's fall

There's no single explanation; it had multiple causation. Some select reasons are: Stagnation of technological innovation Barbarian tribal invasions

True or False: Barbarians never warred against themselves; they only fought Rome

False

Former Roman mercenaries

The Germanic Heruli people

Various Barbarian groups

Visigoths Vandals Huns Franks

Persuaded Attila to not attack Rome

Pope Leo I

Barbarian group that went on to dominate Europe

Franks