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H211 > Rome's Legacy: Byzantium, the Papacy, and the Roman Catholic Church > Flashcards

Rome's Legacy: Byzantium, the Papacy, and the Roman Catholic Church Flashcards

1
Q

Roman Bishop claimed supremacy over other bishops (Date)

A

c. A.D. 440

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2
Q

Roman bishop to claim supremacy over other bishops

A

Leo I

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3
Q

Great Schism Begins (Date)

A

A.D. 1054

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4
Q

Parties of the Great Schism

A

Eastern (Greek Orthodox) and Western (Roman Catholic) Churches

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5
Q

Eastern European city attacked as part of the 4th Crusade

A

Constantinople

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6
Q

Constantinople attacked as part of the 4th Crusade (Date)

A

A.D. 1204

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7
Q

Constantinople falls to the Ottoman Turks (Date)

A

A.D. 1453

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8
Q

Restoration of Icons in the Eastern Church

A

A.D. 843

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9
Q

Canonization

A

The definitive sentence by which the pope declares a particular dead person to have already entered into heavenly glory & ordains for the new “saint” a public cult through the Church

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10
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Muslim empire of the Turks that would ultimately capture Constantinople (1453)

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11
Q

Where the Ottoman Empire was established

A

Northern Asia Minor

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12
Q

Founder of the Ottoman Empire

A

Osman I

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13
Q

Seljuk

A

A Turkish Dynasty that ruled parts of Asia Minor

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14
Q

Names of Byzantium (the city)

A

Byzantium, Constantinople, and Istanbul (in modern-day Turkey)

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15
Q

Advantage of Constantinople’s site

A

It was strategically located for commercial and political influence

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16
Q

Periods of Byzantine History

A
  1. Expansion - The reign of Justinian
  2. Peril - The Iconoclastic Controversy
  3. Recovery - Byzantium’s “Golden Age”
  4. Disintegration - The Byzantine Empire began to fall apart, culminating in the lost at Manzikert to the Muslim Seljuk Turks
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17
Q

Religion of the Seljuks

A

Islam

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18
Q

To whom the Byzantine Empire fell

A

The Seljuk Turks

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19
Q

Where the Byzantine Empire fell

A

Manzikert

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20
Q

Icons

A

Religious images used to foster worship, such as flat pictures or mosaics

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21
Q

Iconoclasts

A

People who tried to destroy all icons

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22
Q

Reasons for the Byzantine Empire’s Endurance

A
  1. Had a money economy rather than a barter economy
  2. Possessed advanced military science (such as Greek fire)
  3. Had a centralised administration
  4. Caesaropapism
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23
Q

Greek fire

A

Worked like napalm (a fire bomb or flame thrower)

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24
Q

Caesaropapism

A

A close church/state link between the Orthodox Church and the Byzantine Empire that enhanced unity and stability

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25
Q

Another name for the Greek Orthodox Church

A

Eastern Orthodox Church

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26
Q

The three main branches of Christianity

A
  1. Orthodox Church
  2. Catholicism
  3. Protestantism
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27
Q

Theological authorities in the 3 main branches of Christianity

A
  1. Orthodox Church: the internal witness of the promised Holy Spirit keeps the truth
  2. Catholicism: tradition, the pope, and the Scriptures
  3. Protestantism: the Word of God (sola scriptura)
28
Q

True or False: Orthodox theology emphasises sanctification

A

True

29
Q

True or False: Orthodox theology has a doctrine of justification

A

False

30
Q

What event(s) brought an upsurge in the papacy’s rise/position/authority

A

Barbarian invasions

31
Q

The bases for the pope’s claim of supreme authority

A
  1. Petrine Theory
  2. Apostolic Succession
32
Q

True or False: the Petrine theory and belief in apostolic succession quickly coalesced to form the basis of the pope’s claim of supreme authority

A

False; it coalesced SLOWLY

33
Q

The Petrine Theory

A

The RCC insistence that Christ gave to Peter a special rank as the 1st Bishop of Rome and leader of the apostles; Peter was the first pope and all subsequent popes inherited his authority

34
Q

Apostolic Succession

A

Refers to bishops tracing a direct line of authority through the apostles back to Christ

35
Q

Interchangeable terms for the pope and his office

A

Pope; Papacy; Holy See; Pontiff

36
Q

True or False: the NT has no mention of Peter serving as the Bishop of Rome

A

True

37
Q

Number of popes from Peter to Francis

A

266

38
Q

Belief in the pope speaking “ex cathedra”

A

Literally, “from the chair”
Viewed by the RCC as possessing divine authority equal to that of God in Scripture, infallible

39
Q

Common term for the Medieval World

A

The “Middle Ages”

40
Q

Functioned as the social cement of the Middle Ages

A

The Roman Catholic Church

41
Q

How the RCC functioned as the social cement of the Middle Ages

A

Performed many of the record-keeping, judicial, and welfare functions

42
Q

Evangelised Ireland in the early 5th C.

A

Patrick; facts about him confused by legend

43
Q

When Patrick evangelised Ireland

A

Early 5th century

44
Q

King of the Franks

A

Clovis

45
Q

[During A.D. 400 - 500], under which Barbarian rule did Spain fall

A

The Arian Visigoths

46
Q

Proclaimed the conversion of the [Spanish] people to Catholicism

A

King Recared

47
Q

Another name for Gregory I

A

Gregory the Great

48
Q

True or False: Pope Gregory I acted as ruler of Rome [the city]

A

True

49
Q

Pope which took measures to promote clerical celibacy

A

Pope Gregory I

50
Q

True or False: Gregory I affirmed the existence of a place of [post-mortem] purification

A

True

51
Q

True or False: Gregory I’s affirmation of a place of purification did not give impetus to the development of the doctrine of purgatory; it was already an established doctrine.

A

False

52
Q

Purgatory

A

“A place or state in which are detained the souls of those who die in grace, in friendship with God, but with the blemish of venial sin or with temporal debt for sin unpaid. Here the soul is purged, cleansed, readied for eternal union with God in Heaven.”

53
Q

Sacrament

A

“An efficacious sign of grace…”

54
Q

The 7 Sacraments

A
  1. Baptism
  2. Holy Eucharist
  3. Penance or confession
  4. Confirmation
    [5. Matrimony]
  5. Holy Orders (ordination)
  6. Extreme Unction
55
Q

The effect of baptism in RC theology

A

Washes away the stain of Adam’s sin and unites a person with the RCC

56
Q

The heart of the Mass worship service

A

Holy Eucharist

57
Q

Transubstantiation

A

At the priest’s words, the elements [of communion/eucharist] become the body and blood of Christ

58
Q

Definition of confession

A

The priest privately listens to a person confessing sins which are then forgiven

59
Q

Definition of penance

A

After confession, the forgiven sinner is assigned some prayers to say or some works to be done as penance [retribution]

60
Q

Two occurrences during Confirmation

A
  1. Faith publicly affirmed
  2. Holy Spirit received
61
Q

What are the Holy Orders/is a Holy Order?

A

Priests are sanctioned for their work by a bishop

62
Q

Which sacrament is referred to as the “Last Rites”?

A

Extreme Unction

63
Q

What is Extreme Unction?

A

The bestowal by a priest of “Last Rites” on someone near death for forgiveness of sins

64
Q

True or False: The RCC did not have canonized saints

A

False

65
Q

Relic

A

A religious object associated with a religious leader, or the body part of such [a leader]

66
Q

End of the Catholic-Orthodox Great Schism

A

1965

H211 (11 decks)

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