Rome's Legacy: Byzantium, the Papacy, and the Roman Catholic Church

Question 1

Roman Bishop claimed supremacy over other bishops (Date)

Answer 1

c. A.D. 440

Question 2

Roman bishop to claim supremacy over other bishops

Answer 2

Leo I

Question 3

Great Schism Begins (Date)

Answer 3

A.D. 1054

Question 4

Parties of the Great Schism

Answer 4

Eastern (Greek Orthodox) and Western (Roman Catholic) Churches

Question 5

Eastern European city attacked as part of the 4th Crusade

Answer 5

Constantinople

Question 6

Constantinople attacked as part of the 4th Crusade (Date)

Answer 6

A.D. 1204

Question 7

Constantinople falls to the Ottoman Turks (Date)

Answer 7

A.D. 1453

Question 8

Restoration of Icons in the Eastern Church

Answer 8

A.D. 843

Question 9

Canonization

Answer 9

The definitive sentence by which the pope declares a particular dead person to have already entered into heavenly glory & ordains for the new “saint” a public cult through the Church

Question 10

Ottoman Empire

Answer 10

Muslim empire of the Turks that would ultimately capture Constantinople (1453)

Question 11

Where the Ottoman Empire was established

Answer 11

Northern Asia Minor

Question 12

Founder of the Ottoman Empire

Answer 12

Osman I

Question 13

Seljuk

Answer 13

A Turkish Dynasty that ruled parts of Asia Minor

Question 14

Names of Byzantium (the city)

Answer 14

Byzantium, Constantinople, and Istanbul (in modern-day Turkey)

Question 15

Advantage of Constantinople’s site

Answer 15

It was strategically located for commercial and political influence

Question 16

Periods of Byzantine History

Answer 16

1. Expansion - The reign of Justinian
2. Peril - The Iconoclastic Controversy
3. Recovery - Byzantium’s “Golden Age”
4. Disintegration - The Byzantine Empire began to fall apart, culminating in the lost at Manzikert to the Muslim Seljuk Turks

Question 17

Religion of the Seljuks

Answer 17

Islam

Question 18

To whom the Byzantine Empire fell

Answer 18

The Seljuk Turks

Question 19

Where the Byzantine Empire fell

Answer 19

Manzikert

Question 20

Icons

Answer 20

Religious images used to foster worship, such as flat pictures or mosaics

Question 21

Iconoclasts

Answer 21

People who tried to destroy all icons

Question 22

Reasons for the Byzantine Empire’s Endurance

Answer 22

1. Had a money economy rather than a barter economy
2. Possessed advanced military science (such as Greek fire)
3. Had a centralised administration
4. Caesaropapism

Question 23

Greek fire

Answer 23

Worked like napalm (a fire bomb or flame thrower)

Question 24

Caesaropapism

Answer 24

A close church/state link between the Orthodox Church and the Byzantine Empire that enhanced unity and stability

Question 25

Another name for the Greek Orthodox Church

Answer 25

Eastern Orthodox Church

Question 26

The three main branches of Christianity

Answer 26

1. Orthodox Church 2. Catholicism 3. Protestantism

Question 27

Theological authorities in the 3 main branches of Christianity

Answer 27

1. Orthodox Church: the internal witness of the promised Holy Spirit keeps the truth 2. Catholicism: tradition, the pope, and the Scriptures 3. Protestantism: the Word of God (sola scriptura)

Question 28

True or False: Orthodox theology emphasises sanctification

Answer 28

True

Question 29

True or False: Orthodox theology has a doctrine of justification

Answer 29

False

Question 30

What event(s) brought an upsurge in the papacy’s rise/position/authority

Answer 30

Barbarian invasions

Question 31

The bases for the pope’s claim of supreme authority

Answer 31

1. Petrine Theory 2. Apostolic Succession

Question 32

True or False: the Petrine theory and belief in apostolic succession quickly coalesced to form the basis of the pope’s claim of supreme authority

Answer 32

False; it coalesced SLOWLY

Question 33

The Petrine Theory

Answer 33

The RCC insistence that Christ gave to Peter a special rank as the 1st Bishop of Rome and leader of the apostles; Peter was the first pope and all subsequent popes inherited his authority

Question 34

Apostolic Succession

Answer 34

Refers to bishops tracing a direct line of authority through the apostles back to Christ

Question 35

Interchangeable terms for the pope and his office

Answer 35

Pope; Papacy; Holy See; Pontiff

Question 36

True or False: the NT has no mention of Peter serving as the Bishop of Rome

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Number of popes from Peter to Francis

Answer 37

266

Question 38

Belief in the pope speaking "ex cathedra"

Answer 38

Literally, "from the chair" Viewed by the RCC as possessing divine authority equal to that of God in Scripture, infallible

Question 39

Common term for the Medieval World

Answer 39

The "Middle Ages"

Question 40

Functioned as the social cement of the Middle Ages

Answer 40

The Roman Catholic Church

Question 41

How the RCC functioned as the social cement of the Middle Ages

Answer 41

Performed many of the record-keeping, judicial, and welfare functions

Question 42

Evangelised Ireland in the early 5th C.

Answer 42

Patrick; facts about him confused by legend

Question 43

When Patrick evangelised Ireland

Answer 43

Early 5th century

Question 44

King of the Franks

Answer 44

Clovis

Question 45

[During A.D. 400 - 500], under which Barbarian rule did Spain fall

Answer 45

The Arian Visigoths

Question 46

Proclaimed the conversion of the [Spanish] people to Catholicism

Answer 46

King Recared

Question 47

Another name for Gregory I

Answer 47

Gregory the Great

Question 48

True or False: Pope Gregory I acted as ruler of Rome [the city]

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Pope which took measures to promote clerical celibacy

Answer 49

Pope Gregory I

Question 50

True or False: Gregory I affirmed the existence of a place of [post-mortem] purification

Answer 50

True

Question 51

True or False: Gregory I's affirmation of a place of purification did not give impetus to the development of the doctrine of purgatory; it was already an established doctrine.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

Purgatory

Answer 52

"A place or state in which are detained the souls of those who die in grace, in friendship with God, but with the blemish of venial sin or with temporal debt for sin unpaid. Here the soul is purged, cleansed, readied for eternal union with God in Heaven."

Question 53

Sacrament

Answer 53

"An efficacious sign of grace..."

Question 54

The 7 Sacraments

Answer 54

1. Baptism 2. Holy Eucharist 3. Penance or confession 4. Confirmation [5. Matrimony] 6. Holy Orders (ordination) 7. Extreme Unction

Question 55

The effect of baptism in RC theology

Answer 55

Washes away the stain of Adam's sin and unites a person with the RCC

Question 56

The heart of the Mass worship service

Answer 56

Holy Eucharist

Question 57

Transubstantiation

Answer 57

At the priest's words, the elements [of communion/eucharist] become the body and blood of Christ

Question 58

Definition of confession

Answer 58

The priest privately listens to a person confessing sins which are then forgiven

Question 59

Definition of penance

Answer 59

After confession, the forgiven sinner is assigned some prayers to say or some works to be done as penance [retribution]

Question 60

Two occurrences during Confirmation

Answer 60

1. Faith publicly affirmed 2. Holy Spirit received

Question 61

What are the Holy Orders/is a Holy Order?

Answer 61

Priests are sanctioned for their work by a bishop

Question 62

Which sacrament is referred to as the "Last Rites"?

Answer 62

Extreme Unction

Question 63

What is Extreme Unction?

Answer 63

The bestowal by a priest of "Last Rites" on someone near death for forgiveness of sins

Question 64

True or False: The RCC did not have canonized saints

Answer 64

False

Question 65

Relic

Answer 65

A religious object associated with a religious leader, or the body part of such [a leader]

Question 66

End of the Catholic-Orthodox Great Schism

Answer 66

1965