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H211 > The Medieval World - Part 1 > Flashcards

The Medieval World - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The Middle Ages/Medieval Period (Date)

A

A.D. 500 - 1500

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2
Q

Divisions of the Medieval Ages

A

Early, High, and Late Middle Ages

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3
Q

Charles Martel Defeats the Muslims (Date)

A

A.D. 732

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4
Q

Where Charles Martel Defeated the Muslims

A

Tours

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5
Q

Ended the Northern Expansion of the Muslims [into Europe]

A

Charles Martel

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6
Q

Charlemagne crowned emperor (Date)

A

December 25, 800

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7
Q

The era of the Crusades

A

A.D. 1095 - 1291

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8
Q

Crowned Charlemagne

A

Pope Leo III

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9
Q

Fourth Lateran Council affirms Transubstantiation

A

A.D. 1215

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10
Q

What marked the end of Muslim northern expansion

A

Charles Martel’s defeat of Muslim forces at Tours

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11
Q

Christendom

A

Church and state fused together

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12
Q

Curia

A

Became the “College of the Cardinals”

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13
Q

Created to select a pope

A

The College of the Cardinals[/Curia]

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14
Q

Primogeniture

A

The right of an eldest son to succeed to the estate of his father at the exclusion of all his siblings

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15
Q

Simony

A

The buying and selling of spiritual or church benefits

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16
Q

Franks

A

Germanic peoples with a kingdom located in modern France and Germany

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17
Q

Served as Mayor of the Palace

A

Charles Martel

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18
Q

“The Hammer”

A

Charles Martel

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19
Q

Gave the pope territory in central Italy

A

Pepin the Great

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20
Q

The name for the papal territory in central Italy

A

The Papal States

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21
Q

True or False: Charlemagne’s empire established his rule over much of the former Roman Empire in Europe

A

True

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22
Q

City where Charlemagne was crowned

A

Rome

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23
Q

Attached the notion of church-state cooperation to Europe, handing down the tradition of “Christendom”

A

Charlemagne

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24
Q

The name of the cultural rebirth precipitated by Charlemagne

A

Carolingian Rennaissance

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25
Q

Groups to invade/attack Europe from the 8th to the 11th Centuries

A

Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars

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26
Q

Another name for Vikings

A

Norsemen

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27
Q

Location of Scandinavia

A

Norway, Sweden, and Denmark

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28
Q

Home of the Vikings

A

Scandinavia

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29
Q

True or False: The Vikings terrorized coastal European peoples and visited North America

A

True

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30
Q

Group to terrorize Europe in the early 900s until they were halted by Otto I

A

Magyars

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31
Q

Halted the Magyar conquests

A

Otto I

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32
Q

True or False: After defeat by Otto I, the Magyars refused to integrate themselves into mainstream European culture

A

False

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33
Q

Knight

A

Term describing any nobleman who took up arms

34
Q

The two systems which emerged in the Middle Ages providing law-order and economic livelihood at the local level

A

Feudalism and manorialism

35
Q

True or False: Under feudalism and manorialism, localism dominated

A

True

36
Q

Describe feudalistic structure

A
  1. A lord grantied land to a vassal
  2. A vassal was in charge of the fief he received
37
Q

Fief

A

A land grant to a vassal

38
Q

True or False: Feudalism was not a political relationship

A

False

39
Q

What kind of relationship was manorialism

A

An economic relationship

40
Q

In which system did serfs live on the lord’s manor

A

Manorialism

41
Q

Central location of the Holy Roman Empire

A

The German States and Northern Italy

42
Q

Holy Roman Emperor to emerge as the strongest power in Europe [in the 10th century]

A

Otto I

43
Q

Duke of Normandy to become the King of England

A

William the Conqueror

44
Q

The Battle William the Conqueror fought [defeating Harold II]

A

The Battle of Hastings

45
Q

Was William the Conqueror a Holy Roman Emperor?

A

No

46
Q

Did William the Conqueror renounce his rule of Normandy when he conquered England?

A

No

47
Q

Cluniac Reform

A

A movement countering decline beginning at the monastery of Cluny in East France

48
Q

The Investiture Struggle

A

[A.D. 1075-1077 and beyond]; investiture was the claim of kings/rulers to appoint bishops and abbots; the pope viewed it as symbolising lay authority over the church

49
Q

True or False: The concepts of Simony and Primogeniture have no relation to investiture and the Investiture struggle

A

False

50
Q

The “Combatants” (power conflict) in the Investiture struggle

A

Poor Gregory VII vs. the German king Henry IV

51
Q

Who pressured Henry IV into submitting to the pope

A

The nobles, through rebellion

52
Q

Where Henry IV submitted, surrendered, to the pope

A

Canossa

53
Q

Result of the Investiture Struggle

A

Prestige gain for the pope and [power] loss for the king

54
Q

Convened the Council of Clermont

A

Pope Urban II

55
Q

Purpose of the Council of Clermont

A

Pope Urban II called Christendom to unite to protect the Holy Sepulchre from further Muslim attack

56
Q

True or False: Crusaders [from the Council of Clermont] were motivated by the desire to earn their salvation

A

True

57
Q

The Crusade [the only militarily successful crusade] which destroyed villages and committed anti-Semitic atrocities

A

The First Crusade [specifically the Peasants’ Crusade]

58
Q

The Crusade which took Jerusalem and massacred the inhabitants

A

The First Crusade [specifically, the Crusade of Princes]

59
Q

The Crusade undertaken after Saladin took over Jerusalem

A

Third Crusade

60
Q

Muslim leader that took over Jerusalem

A

Saladin

61
Q

Crusade which attacked Constantinople

A

Fourth Crusade

62
Q

Results of the Crusades

A
  1. Promoted the rise of towns and trade
  2. Increased conflict between Eastern and Western churches
63
Q

Indulgence

A

It can be partial or plenary as it removes either part or all of the temporary punishment due to sin

64
Q

Excommunication

A

The cutting off of an individual from the church and its sacraments

65
Q

Interdict

A

Closed churches in a geographical area and forbade celebrating mass and other sacraments

66
Q

Purpose of the interdict

A

It was designed to cause such a uproar from the masses, who would fear for their salvation, that the ruler would have to submit [to the pope]

67
Q

The Inquisition

A

An ecclesiastical court for the persecution of heresy

68
Q

Latin term for “brother” used as a monastic title

A

Friar

69
Q

School of monks that helped develop aspects of the present system of Roman Catholic theology

A

Dominicans

70
Q

Franciscans

A

School of monks founded by Francis of Assisi that conducted missionary work in the New World

71
Q

California Missions

A

The Franciscan missionary work in the new world

72
Q

The most powerful pope; claimed authority to rule the whole world

A

Pope Innocent III

73
Q

King John

A

English king that collected dues illegally; the barons (nobles) revolted and forced him to sign the Magna Carta

74
Q

The Magna Carta

A

The charter with the implied idea that the law is above the king

75
Q

Unam Sanctum

A

Papal bull that asserted there is no salvation outside of the RCC

76
Q

Merchant guilds

A

Designed to regulate commerce

77
Q

Craft guilds

A

Regulated professions

78
Q

Commercial and professional developments in medieval life

A

Merchant and craft guilds

79
Q

Scholasticism

A

The name given to a theology that developed in “schools”

80
Q

The aim of scholastics

A

To demonstrate through deductive logic what they knew to be true by faith

81
Q

The greatest of the scholastics

A

Thomas Aquinas

82
Q

Was Aquinas a Franciscan or Dominican

A

Dominican

H211 (11 decks)

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