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H211 > Non-Western and Islamic Worlds > Flashcards

Non-Western and Islamic Worlds Flashcards

1
Q

The Buddha

A

Siddartha Gautama

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2
Q

Life of Siddhartha Gautama

A

c. 563 - 483 B.C.

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3
Q

Life of Confucius

A

c. 551 - 479 B.C.

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4
Q

Other Names of Confucius

A

Kongzi or K’ung Fu Tzu

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5
Q

Life of Muhammad

A

c. A.D. 570 - 632

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6
Q

The Hegira (Date)

A

A.D. 622

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7
Q

Year 1 of the Islamic Calendar

A

The Hegira

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8
Q

Another Name for the Hegira

A

Hijra

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9
Q

Beginning of the Division Leading to Sunni and Shiah sects (Date)

A

c. A.D. 632 - 661

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10
Q

Number of Muslims worldwide

A

Roughly 1 billion (about 4x the population of the U.S.)

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11
Q

Meaning of Islam

A

“Submission”

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12
Q

Geographical location for the birth of Islam

A

Arabian Peninsula

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13
Q

True or False: Islam is a united, monolithic entity

A

False

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14
Q

True or False: Large Muslim countries are in the 10/40 window

A

True

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15
Q

Which traditions guide the Muslim community since the death of Muhammad?

A

The hadith, the Sunnah, and the Shariah

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16
Q

Hadith

A

Report(s) of the words and deeds of Muhammad and other early Muslims; the authentic haddith are considered to embody Muhammad’s Sunnah

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17
Q

Sunnah (may appear as Sunna)

A

Established custom, typically based on Muhammad’s example

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18
Q

Shariah

A

Ideal Islamic law

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19
Q

Describe Islam’s split

A

It began with disagreement over Muhammad’s successor. Sunnis upheld the principle that the caliph (leader) owed his position to the consent of the Islamic community whereas Shiites believed only Muhammad’s descendants/kinsmen could lead

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20
Q

The majority party in Islam

A

Sunni

21
Q

Muslim sect identified with Muhammad’s cousin/son-in-law Ali

A

Shiah

22
Q

True or False: Shiite Muslims saw Ali as possessing a spiritual endowment directly from Muhammad

A

True

23
Q

4th Caliph

A

Ali

24
Q

Shrine in Mecca

A

Kabba

25
Q

True or False: Muhammad was not involved in caravan trade

A

False

26
Q

True or False: Muhammad obtained enough capital to become indpendently wealthy [of his wealthy wife Khadija]

A

True

27
Q

Muhammad’s vision

A

He supposedly saw the angel Gabriel and heard a voice telling him he’s the “Messenger of God”

28
Q

The Hegira (Hijra)

A

Muhammad’s travel [from Mecca to Yatrib (changed the name to Medina) to escape assassination plots]; the starting year for the Muslim calendar

29
Q

Events in Muhammad’s march on Mecca

A

Destroyed the pagan idols in the Kabba and rededicated it to Islam

30
Q

First Caliph

A

Abu Bakr

31
Q

True or False: Abu Bakr launched wars that would dramatically expand the Islamic world

A

True

32
Q

The term for the leader (successor) of the Islamic community

A

Caliph

33
Q

4th Caliph

A

Ali

34
Q

Caliphate

A

Territory controlled by the caliph

35
Q

Explain the Rise of the Umayyad (Omayyad) Muslim dynasty

A

Ali was challenged by the Syrian governor Muawiya and eventually killed, allowing his rival to seize power. The caliphate remained in the hands of Muawiya’s family and they became known as the Umayyads.

36
Q

The dynasty which moved the Islamic capital from Damascus to Baghdad

A

The Abbasid Muslim Dynasty

37
Q

Where the Abbasids moved the Islamic capital from and to where they moved it

A

From Damascus to Baghdad

38
Q

True or False: The Mongols never invaded Muslim lands

A

False

39
Q

True or False: No Mongols ever converted to Islam

A

False; some did

40
Q

Meaning of “Quran”

A

“Recite”; refers to the “reciting” of the revelations to Muhammad

41
Q

How do Muslims view the Quran

A

They see it as the final revelation from God (given by the angel Gabriel to Muhammad) and as the revealed will of God which corrects and supersedes other revelations

42
Q

When was the Quran codified (event)?

A

After Muhammad’s death

43
Q

Meaning of “Jihad”

A

“Struggle”

44
Q

The two senses of jihad (with their classifications as greater and lesser)

A
  1. Greater sense: individual battle against sin
  2. Lesser sense: a holy war
45
Q

True or False: There will be variations in Muslim beliefgs given the social/legal climate

A

True

46
Q

Amount of wives permitted in Islam

A

Up to 4

47
Q

Muslim view of Jesus (particularly his death)

A

He did not die on the cross; rather he was protected from crucifixion and a substitute took his place

48
Q

The Umayyads moved the Islamic capital from __ to __

A

Medina to Damascus

H211 (11 decks)

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