Non-Western and Islamic Worlds

Question 1

The Buddha

Answer 1

Siddartha Gautama

Question 2

Life of Siddhartha Gautama

Answer 2

c. 563 - 483 B.C.

Question 3

Life of Confucius

Answer 3

c. 551 - 479 B.C.

Question 4

Other Names of Confucius

Answer 4

Kongzi or K’ung Fu Tzu

Question 5

Life of Muhammad

Answer 5

c. A.D. 570 - 632

Question 6

The Hegira (Date)

Answer 6

A.D. 622

Question 7

Year 1 of the Islamic Calendar

Answer 7

The Hegira

Question 8

Another Name for the Hegira

Answer 8

Hijra

Question 9

Beginning of the Division Leading to Sunni and Shiah sects (Date)

Answer 9

c. A.D. 632 - 661

Question 10

Number of Muslims worldwide

Answer 10

Roughly 1 billion (about 4x the population of the U.S.)

Question 11

Meaning of Islam

Answer 11

“Submission”

Question 12

Geographical location for the birth of Islam

Answer 12

Arabian Peninsula

Question 13

True or False: Islam is a united, monolithic entity

Answer 13

False

Question 14

True or False: Large Muslim countries are in the 10/40 window

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Which traditions guide the Muslim community since the death of Muhammad?

Answer 15

The hadith, the Sunnah, and the Shariah

Question 16

Hadith

Answer 16

Report(s) of the words and deeds of Muhammad and other early Muslims; the authentic haddith are considered to embody Muhammad’s Sunnah

Question 17

Sunnah (may appear as Sunna)

Answer 17

Established custom, typically based on Muhammad’s example

Question 18

Shariah

Answer 18

Ideal Islamic law

Question 19

Describe Islam’s split

Answer 19

It began with disagreement over Muhammad’s successor. Sunnis upheld the principle that the caliph (leader) owed his position to the consent of the Islamic community whereas Shiites believed only Muhammad’s descendants/kinsmen could lead

Question 20

The majority party in Islam

Answer 20

Sunni

Question 21

Muslim sect identified with Muhammad’s cousin/son-in-law Ali

Answer 21

Shiah

Question 22

True or False: Shiite Muslims saw Ali as possessing a spiritual endowment directly from Muhammad

Answer 22

True

Question 23

4th Caliph

Answer 23

Ali

Question 24

Shrine in Mecca

Answer 24

Kabba

Question 25

True or False: Muhammad was not involved in caravan trade

Answer 25

False

Question 26

True or False: Muhammad obtained enough capital to become indpendently wealthy [of his wealthy wife Khadija]

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Muhammad's vision

Answer 27

He supposedly saw the angel Gabriel and heard a voice telling him he's the "Messenger of God"

Question 28

The Hegira (Hijra)

Answer 28

Muhammad's travel [from Mecca to Yatrib (changed the name to Medina) to escape assassination plots]; the starting year for the Muslim calendar

Question 29

Events in Muhammad's march on Mecca

Answer 29

Destroyed the pagan idols in the Kabba and rededicated it to Islam

Question 30

First Caliph

Answer 30

Abu Bakr

Question 31

True or False: Abu Bakr launched wars that would dramatically expand the Islamic world

Answer 31

True

Question 32

The term for the leader (successor) of the Islamic community

Answer 32

Caliph

Question 33

4th Caliph

Answer 33

Ali

Question 34

Caliphate

Answer 34

Territory controlled by the caliph

Question 35

Explain the Rise of the Umayyad (Omayyad) Muslim dynasty

Answer 35

Ali was challenged by the Syrian governor Muawiya and eventually killed, allowing his rival to seize power. The caliphate remained in the hands of Muawiya's family and they became known as the Umayyads.

Question 36

The dynasty which moved the Islamic capital from Damascus to Baghdad

Answer 36

The Abbasid Muslim Dynasty

Question 37

Where the Abbasids moved the Islamic capital from and to where they moved it

Answer 37

From Damascus to Baghdad

Question 38

True or False: The Mongols never invaded Muslim lands

Answer 38

False

Question 39

True or False: No Mongols ever converted to Islam

Answer 39

False; some did

Question 40

Meaning of "Quran"

Answer 40

"Recite"; refers to the "reciting" of the revelations to Muhammad

Question 41

How do Muslims view the Quran

Answer 41

They see it as the final revelation from God (given by the angel Gabriel to Muhammad) and as the revealed will of God which corrects and supersedes other revelations

Question 42

When was the Quran codified (event)?

Answer 42

After Muhammad's death

Question 43

Meaning of "Jihad"

Answer 43

"Struggle"

Question 44

The two senses of jihad (with their classifications as greater and lesser)

Answer 44

1. Greater sense: individual battle against sin 2. Lesser sense: a holy war

Question 45

True or False: There will be variations in Muslim beliefgs given the social/legal climate

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Amount of wives permitted in Islam

Answer 46

Up to 4

Question 47

Muslim view of Jesus (particularly his death)

Answer 47

He did not die on the cross; rather he was protected from crucifixion and a substitute took his place

Question 48

The Umayyads moved the Islamic capital from __ to __

Answer 48

Medina to Damascus