The Greek World Flashcards
c. 2000 - 1200 B.C.
Aegean Age
[Prominent] People groups in the Aegean Age
Minoans, Mycenaeans, and Dorians
Greek “Dark Ages” (Date)
c. 1150 - 750 B.C.
Hellenic Age (Date)
750 - 323 B.C.
In which age did Greek city-states emerge
Hellenic Age (750 - 323 B.C.)
Encompasses the Greek “Golden Age”
Hellenic Age
Demagoguery
Selfish, unprincipled appeals to popular passions and prejudices
Location of the Parthenon
Athens
Rule by the “best”
Aristocracy
Rule by a monarch (king/queen); may involve a royal family
Monarchy
Rule by a few
Oligarchy
Rule by elected leaders
Republic
The Important contribution of the Greeks
Ideas
Greece’ area is about the same size as…
England; Alabama
Geographical features that influenced Greece
Mountains
Sea
True or False: Greece had many natural resources
False
True or False: Greece’s lack of natural resources led them to colonize
True
Polis
A major town with its surrounding territory
Aspects of Minoan civilization
On the island of Crete
Commercialized agriculture
Prosperous trade
Where was Mycenaean civlization located?
Mycenae (on the Greek mainland)
Cause of the Greek Dark Ages
Destruction caused by a Dorian invasion
What happened at Marathon?
Greeks defeated an invading Persian army in the Persian Wars
True or False: Athens was not a commercial and sea-faring community
False
Greek city that practiced direct democracy at times
Athens
Athenian direct democracy
Involved participation by all citizens (who made 10-20% of the population, comprised of men with 2 Athenian parents)
Ostracism
Process [in Athens] by which dangerous politicians (after a vote) could be exiled/banished
Greek city-state similar to modern totalitarian states
Sparta
Who in Sparta performed agriculture, crafts, and domestic work? (Citizens or Slaves)
Slaves
Outnumbered Spartan citizens 10 to 1
Spartan slaves
Spartan name for slaves
helots
Who comprised the Spartan warriors? (Citizens or Slaves)
Citizens
True or False: Sparta was isolated and agricultural
True
The Combatants in the Peloponnesian War
Athens and Sparta
Winner of the Peloponnesian War
Sparta
True or False: During wars, the Greeks did not call for truces in the Olympic Games
False
True or False: The Olympic Games were originally for men only
True
King of Macedonia (& Father of Alexander the Great)
Philip II
During which age did Greek culture spread eastward?
Hellenistic Age
Under whom did the Hellenistic Age begin?
Alexander the Great
For roughly how many years did the Hellenistic Age endure?
300 years
Who defeated Ptolemaic Greece?
Octavian/Augustus
At what event did the Hellenistic Age end?
The defeat of Ptolemaic Greece at Actium
Where Augustus defeated Ptolemaic Greece
Actium
To how many generals was Alexander’s empire divided upon his death
4 Generals
The divisions of Alexander’s Empire
- Ptolemaic Kingdom - Egypt
- Seleucid Kingdom - Persian Empire
- Antigonid Kingdom - Macedonia
[4. Pergamene Kingdom - Asia Minor]
Greek beliefs/traditions shifted from mythology to…
philosophy
Dominant philosophers who (contrary to their culture at the time) argued that truth is real and discoverable
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
Dominant schools of Hellenistic philosophy
Epicureanism and Stoicism
Epicureanism
Belief that the finest pleasures are intellectual
[free the body from pain & the mind from fear
(particularly of death); avoid bodily excess; annihilationists;
retreat from worldly responsibility; founder: Epicurus 342-271 BC]
Stoicism
Belief that the universe is controlled by “something”
[deterministic; goal: conform your will to the “world will” & accept your fate; urged participation in worldly responsibilities]
Founder of Athenian Democracy
Cleisthenes
Statesman who dominated Athens in its Golden Age
Pericles
Most famous Sophist
Protagoras
Famous quote of Protagoras
“Man is the measure of all things”
Sentenced to death by drinking hemlock (poison)
Socrates
Counseled to “know yourself”; said, “the unexamined life is not worth living”
Socrates
Socrates’ method of teaching
[Socratic pedagogy]
By asking probing and penetrating questions
Which school did Plato found?
The Academy
Purpose of the Academy
To train the ruling class of Athens
Student of Plato
Aristotle
Tutor of Alexander the Great
Aristotle
Methods of reasoning associated with Aristotle
Deductive and inductive reasoning
Made rules for syllogisms
Aristotle
True or False: Syllogisms are inductive
False; they’re deductive
