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megan's customs cards > the roman army > Flashcards

the roman army Flashcards

1
Q

foot soldiers/infantry men

A

peditēs

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2
Q

largest unit

A

legio

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3
Q

how many men in a legion

A

3600

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4
Q

how many men were in a legion before the time of caesar

A

6000

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5
Q

a tenth of a legion

A

cohors

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6
Q

a third of a cohort

A

manipulus

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7
Q

half a maniple

A

centuria

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8
Q

how many men in a centuria

A

60 men

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9
Q

how many men were originally in a centuria

A

100 men

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10
Q

auxiliary troops

A

auxilia

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11
Q

light-armed foot soldiers

A

levis armātūrae peditēs

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12
Q

where were levis armātūrae peditēs from

A

gaul and germany

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13
Q

slingers

A

funditōrēs

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14
Q

slings

A

fundae

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15
Q

where were funditores from

A

Balaeric islands

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16
Q

bowmen/archers

A

sagittāriī

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17
Q

where were sagittāriī from

A

Crete and Numidia

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18
Q

cavalry men

A

equites

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19
Q

where were equites from

A

paid noncitizens from Gaul, Spain and Germany

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20
Q

a squad of 300 equitēs

A

āla

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21
Q

a tenth of an āla

A

turma

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22
Q

how many men in a turma

A

30

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23
Q

a third of a turma

A

decuria

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24
Q

how many men in a decuria

A

10

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25
Q

slaves who performed menial tasks for the camp and officers

A

cālōnēs

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26
Q

traders who conducted canteens outside of the camp

A

mercātōrēs

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27
Q

muleteers who took care of the pack animals and the heavy

baggage

A

mūliōnēs

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28
Q

engineers or mechanics of war

A

fabri

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29
Q

scouts and spies (usually mounted)

A

explōrātōrēs (scouts) and speculātōrēs (spies)

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30
Q

commanding officer or general

A

dux

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31
Q

when did dux become imperator

A

after his first important victory

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32
Q

legates / staff officers

A

lēgātī

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33
Q

who was next in rank to dux

A

lēgātī

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34
Q

handled pay, military equipment and food supply

A

quaestōrēs

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35
Q

military tribune

A

tribūnī mīlitum

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36
Q

how many tribūnī mīlitum to a legion

A

6

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37
Q

centurions and captains

A

centuriōnēs

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38
Q

who were noncommissioned plebian officers who had war experience

A

centuriōnēs

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39
Q

prefects

A

praefecti

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40
Q

who commanded auxilaries of cavalry

A

praefecti

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41
Q

decurions

A

decuriōnēs

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42
Q

who commanded deuriae

A

decuriōnēs

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43
Q

a short-sleeved woolen undergarment up to the knees

A

tunica

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44
Q

a woolen cloak for severe weather which can also be used as a
blanket

A

sagum

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45
Q

leather boots with heavy hobnailed soles, fastened on by straps

A

caligae

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46
Q

leather breastplate with metal bands

A

lōrīca

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47
Q

leather or metal helmet often ornamented with a crest

A

galea

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48
Q

a curved, rectangular shield

A

scūtum

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49
Q

throwing javelin or pike

A

pīlum

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50
Q

heavy, two edged sword

A

gladius

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51
Q

eagle

A

aquila

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52
Q

standard of the legion made of silver or bronze mounted

on a pole

A

aquila

53
Q

who carried aquila

A

aquilifer

54
Q

standard of a cohort or maniple

A

signum

55
Q

who carried signum

A

signifer

56
Q

rectangular banner or flag

A

vēxillum

57
Q

what was the standard for auxiliaries

A

vēxillum

58
Q

triple battle line

A

aciēs triplex

59
Q

usual battle formation of a legion

A

aciēs triplex

60
Q

first line

A

prīma aciēs

61
Q

who was in prīma aciēs

A

4 cohorts of experienced soldiers

62
Q

second line

A

secunda aciēs

63
Q

who was in secunda aciēs

A

3 cohorts stationed 150 feet behind the

first line

64
Q

what was the purpose of the secunda aciēs

A

relieved the wounded or fallen soldiers of the first

65
Q

third line

A

tertia aciēs

66
Q

who was in the tertia aciēs

A

last 3 cohorts

67
Q

trumpet

A

tuba

68
Q

horn

A

cornū

69
Q

shape of tuba

A

3 feet, straight metal

70
Q

shape of cornu

A

curved metal

71
Q

the main column of legionary troops

A

agmen

72
Q

vanguard consisting of scouts, cavalry squads and lightarmed infantrymen

A

prīmum agmen

73
Q

the rear guard consisted of the least experienced

A

novissimum agmen

74
Q

baggage that followed the legion, carried on pack animals or

wagons

A

impedīmenta

75
Q

personal knapsack of a soldier

A

sarcīna

76
Q

refers to when a soldier was wearing his sarcīna

A

impedītus

77
Q

refers to when a soldier was not wearing his sarcīna

A

expedītus

78
Q

average day’s march

A

iter

79
Q

how long was an average day’s march

A

15 miles from sunrise to noon

80
Q

forced march

A

iter magnum

81
Q

how long did iter magnum cover

A

25 miles

82
Q

camp

A

castra

83
Q

when was castra built

A

after a day’s march for retreat

84
Q

shape of castra

A

rectangular

85
Q

gates at opposite ends of each street

A

portae

86
Q

how many portae in total

A

4

87
Q

a ditch or trench dug around the camp

A

fossa

88
Q

a mound or embankment surrounding the entire camp

A

agger

89
Q

rampart

A

vallum

90
Q

what did the vallum consist of

A

agger and wooden stakes driven in at the end

91
Q

the general’s tent

A

praetōrium

92
Q

where was praetōrium

A

middle of camp

93
Q

soldeirs’ tents

A

tabernācula

94
Q

what was tabernācula made of

A

leather

95
Q

how many in did a tabernācula hold

A

10

96
Q

military password used to get into the camp

A

tessera

97
Q

night watch

A

vililiae

98
Q

how many watches was vigiliae divided into

A

4

99
Q

1st watch

A

prīma vigilia

100
Q

hours of prīma vigilia

A

6 pm to 9 pm

101
Q

2nd watch

A

secunda vigilia

102
Q

hours of secunda vigilia

A

9 pm to midnight

103
Q

3rd watch

A

tertia vigilia

104
Q

hours of tertia vigilia

A

midnight to 3 am

105
Q

4th watch

A

quarta vigilia

106
Q

hours of quarta vigilia

A

3 am to 6 am

107
Q

attack

A

oppugnātiō

108
Q

siege

A

obsidiō

109
Q

sloping plane made of earth, stones and logs and sloped gradually

A

agger

110
Q

what was used as a means of approach and for moving up siege machines

A

agger

111
Q

a battering ram

A

ariēs

112
Q

small, moveable, wooden screen used for protection

A

pluteus

113
Q

– a protective screen formed by the overlapping of shields

A

testūdō

114
Q

a huge, moveable, wooden tower mounted on rollers

A

turris ambulātōria

115
Q

a heavy moveable shed on rollers

A

vīnea

116
Q

artillery

A

tormenta

117
Q

a machine for hurling heavy stones and blocks of wood

A

ballista

118
Q

hurled large arrows and javelins

A

catapulta

119
Q

light catapult for hurling stones and darts

A

scorpiō

120
Q

a battleship propelled by oars and sails

A

nāvis longa

121
Q

the “beak” of the ship

A

rōstrum

122
Q

what was rōstrum used for

A

ramming other ships

123
Q

most common navis longa

A

trireme

124
Q

how many banks of oars did trireme have

A

3

125
Q

transport ship

A

nāvis onerāria

126
Q

ship propelled by only sails

A

nāvis onerāria

127
Q

ship propelled by sails and oars

A

nāvis longa

128
Q

characteristics of nāvis onerāria

A
  • broader and slower than battleship

- carried soldiers, horse, and provisions

megan's customs cards (20 decks)

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