The role of chromosomes and hormones Flashcards
What is the role of testosterone in sex and gender
Testosterone is an androgen responsible for the development of male sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics. It is linked to increased aggression and spatial ability.
What is the role of oestrogen in sex and gender
Oestrogen is the primary female sex hormone responsible for the development of female sex organs and regulation of the menstrual cycle. It is also linked to increased emotional sensitivity.
What is the role of oxytocin in sex and gender
Oxytocin is a hormone released in larger amounts during childbirth and breastfeeding promoting bonding. It is also linked to trust and social behaviour.
What are the chromosomal patterns for males and females
Males have an XY chromosome pattern while females have an XX chromosome pattern.
What is Klinefelter’s syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome occurs in males with an XXY chromosome pattern leading to physical characteristics such as reduced body hair and long limbs as well as psychological effects such as poor language skills and passive temperament.
What is Turner’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome occurs in females with an XO chromosome pattern leading to physical characteristics such as a webbed neck and underdeveloped ovaries as well as psychological effects such as poor spatial ability and high verbal ability.
How does testosterone affect brain development
Testosterone influences the development of the hypothalamus and amygdala which are associated with aggression and spatial awareness.
How does oestrogen influence mood and behaviour
Oestrogen modulates serotonin levels affecting mood and emotional regulation which is why fluctuations are linked to mood swings.
How does oxytocin affect social bonding
Oxytocin enhances social bonding trust and attachment particularly in mother-infant relationships and romantic partnerships.
What are the cognitive effects of Klinefelter’s syndrome
Individuals with Klinefelter’s syndrome may have difficulties with language processing and reading fluency but often have normal intelligence.
What are the social effects of Turner’s syndrome
Individuals with Turner’s syndrome may have difficulties with social cognition and interpreting social cues but often have strong verbal skills.
What is the impact of Turner’s syndrome on fertility
Turner’s syndrome causes underdeveloped ovaries leading to infertility due to a lack of oestrogen production.
