biological approach Flashcards
What are the basic assumptions of the biological approach?
The biological approach assumes that behaviour is influenced by biological factors such as genetics, neurochemistry, and biological structures. It also considers evolution as a factor in shaping behaviour.
How do genes influence behaviour according to the biological approach?
Genes determine the biological makeup of an individual and influence traits that can affect behaviour, such as temperament and susceptibility to mental health conditions.
What role do biological structures play in behaviour?
Biological structures like the brain, nervous system, and endocrine system process and regulate bodily functions, which directly influence behaviour.
What is the influence of neurochemistry on behaviour?
Neurotransmitters and hormones affect brain function and behaviour. For example, serotonin is linked to mood regulation, and dopamine influences reward-seeking behaviour.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype refers to an individual’s genetic makeup, while phenotype is the observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of the genotype with the environment.
What is the genetic basis of behaviour?
The genetic basis of behaviour suggests that certain behaviours and traits have a hereditary component, influenced by genes inherited from parents.
How does evolution explain behaviour?
Evolutionary psychology argues that behaviours have adapted over time to solve problems faced by ancestors, enhancing survival and reproduction, such as aggression for protection and attachment for bonding.
How do twin studies support the genetic basis of behaviour?
Twin studies show higher concordance rates for certain traits and behaviours in monozygotic (identical) twins compared to dizygotic (fraternal) twins, suggesting a genetic influence.
What is the role of the nervous system in behaviour?
The nervous system, including the central and peripheral systems, processes sensory information and coordinates actions, influencing behaviour and responses to the environment.
What is the significance of the fight-or-flight response?
The fight-or-flight response, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, prepares the body to respond to threats by releasing adrenaline and increasing heart rate, which influences survival behaviours.
How does brain structure relate to behaviour?
Specific brain areas are associated with certain behaviours. For example, the amygdala is linked to emotion regulation, and the prefrontal cortex is associated with decision-making and self-control.
What is neuroplasticity, and how does it affect behaviour?
Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to change and adapt in response to experiences, learning, or injury, influencing behaviour by modifying neural connections.
