The structure and function of neurons, The process of synaptic transmission

Question 1

What are the three types of neurons in the nervous system?

Answer 1

Sensory neurons relay neurons and motor neurons.

Question 2

What is the primary function of sensory neurons?

Answer 2

To carry messages from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS).

Question 3

What is the primary function of relay neurons?

Answer 3

To connect sensory neurons to motor neurons or other relay neurons within the CNS.

Question 4

What is the primary function of motor neurons?

Answer 4

To carry messages from the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands.

Question 5

What is synaptic transmission?

Answer 5

The process by which one neuron communicates with another across a synapse.

Question 6

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 6

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Question 7

What is excitation in terms of neurotransmitter action?

Answer 7

When a neurotransmitter increases the positive charge of the postsynaptic neuron making it more likely to fire an action potential.

Question 8

What is inhibition in terms of neurotransmitter action?

Answer 8

When a neurotransmitter increases the negative charge of the postsynaptic neuron making it less likely to fire an action potential.

Question 9

What happens when an action potential reaches the end of a neuron?

Answer 9

It triggers the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft.

Question 10

What is the synaptic cleft?

Answer 10

The tiny gap between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 11

What is the role of receptor sites on the postsynaptic neuron?

Answer 11

To bind to specific neurotransmitters leading to the generation of a new electrical signal if excitation occurs.