Research methods 14 | Reliability across all methods of investigation. Ways of assessing reliability: test-retest and inter-observer; improving reliability. Flashcards
What is the definition of reliability in psychological research?
The consistency of a measuring tool or study - producing similar results when repeated under the same conditions.
How is external reliability different from internal reliability?
External reliability refers to consistency over time (test-retest), while internal reliability refers to consistency within the measure itself (split-half method).
Describe the test-retest method for assessing reliability.
Administering the same test to the same participants after a time interval and checking for a strong positive correlation (typically ≥0.8) between results.
What statistical measure is used to assess test-retest reliability, and what value indicates good reliability?
A correlation coefficient (e.g., Pearson’s r) is used, with ≥0.8 indicating good reliability.
How does inter-observer reliability improve the validity of observations?
By ensuring multiple researchers consistently record behaviors using the same operationalized categories, reducing subjective bias.
Explain how the split-half method assesses reliability.
The test is divided into two halves (e.g., odd/even questions), and scores from both halves are correlated to check for internal consistency.
Suggest two ways to improve reliability in observations.
1) Operationalizing behavioral categories clearly 2) Training observers thoroughly before the study.
Why are structured interviews more reliable than unstructured ones?
They use fixed, standardized questions that are asked in the same way to all participants, reducing variability in responses.
How can questionnaires be designed to maximize reliability?
By using closed questions and established, pre-tested measures rather than creating new ones.
What is the purpose of a pilot study in relation to reliability?
To identify and fix potential issues with measurement tools or procedures before the main study, improving consistency.
Explain why reliability is important in psychological research.
It ensures findings are replicable and not due to chance or measurement error, increasing confidence in results.
