Correlations Flashcards
Correlation
The analysis of the relationship between two measured co-variables.
Co-variable
A variable that is measured and compared with another variable in a correlational study.
Scattergram
A type of graph used to display data points for two co-variables, showing their relationship.
Positive Correlation
A relationship where an increase in one co-variable is associated with an increase in the other.
Negative Correlation
A relationship where an increase in one co-variable is associated with a decrease in the other.
Zero Correlation
A situation where there is no relationship between two co-variables.
Correlation Coefficient
A numerical value ranging from -1 to +1 that represents the strength and direction of a correlation.
Perfect Positive Correlation
A correlation coefficient of +1, indicating a perfectly proportional increase between two co-variables.
Perfect Negative Correlation
A correlation coefficient of -1, indicating a perfectly proportional inverse relationship between two co-variables.
No Correlation
A correlation coefficient of 0, indicating no relationship between two co-variables.
Pearson’s Correlation
A statistical test used to measure the strength of a linear relationship between two continuous variables.
Spearman’s Correlation
A statistical test used to assess the strength and direction of a monotonic relationship between two ranked variables.
Inter-rater Reliability
The level of agreement between two observers, often assessed using a correlation test.
Correlation does not show causation.
A limitation of correlational studies; they cannot determine which variable influences the other or if a third variable is involved.
Extraneous Variables
Uncontrolled factors that may affect the outcome of a correlational study.
