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APUSH > The Roaring Twenties to WWII > Flashcards

The Roaring Twenties to WWII Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Warren G. Harding

A

-President during the Roaring 20s

-promised a “return to the normal before WWI”

-popular but corrupt

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2
Q

Calvin Coolidge

A

-takes over as President after Harding

-sit back relax, do nothing

-let the economy of the Roaring 20s handle itself

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3
Q

Good of the Roaring 20s

A

-economic prosperity

-mass production due to the assembly line

-increase in oil and electricity

-hands off government allows growth

-the automobile

-mass media, movies, music, sports

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4
Q

Bads of the Roaring 20s

A

-farmers still left behind with lack of government

-Unions struggle to recover post WWI

-jobs offer benefits after WWI, so Unions are useless

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5
Q

Modernism v. Fundamentalism

A

technology and other achievements vs. the Bible being law

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6
Q

Scopes Trial 1925

A

-big city vs. rural town

-should evolution be taught in school or go with what the bible teaches?

-draws national attention

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7
Q

18th Amendment

A

prohibition

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8
Q

Quota Laws

A

limit the number of immigrants from Europe and Asia

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9
Q

Case of Sacco and Vanzetti

A

-two poor Italians executed for murder and robbery

-some see it as misused justice (because they were Italian)

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10
Q

Women of the time

A

-express themselves through voting, fashion, morals

-women voting patterns follow man of the house

-there are different types of women (progressive, conservative, etc)

-

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11
Q

the Harlem Renaissance

A

-a triumph for African Americans, yet still facing challenges

-famous black artists, actors, musicians, writers

-

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12
Q

United Negro Improvement Association

A

-founded by Marcus Garvey

-advocated for individual and racial pride for lower-class African Americans

-believed in separate black and separate white society

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13
Q

Black Thursday and Black Tuesday

A

Wall Street Crashes, stocks drops, economy crashes

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14
Q

Causes of the Great Depression

A

-uneven distribution of income among social classes

-too much credit being lent

-overproduction

-weak farm economy

-global economic downturn (America on the global stage, every other country is connected to USA)

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15
Q

Herbert Hoover

A

-President during the Great Depression

-encouraged self-reliance, charity, and patience during this time (NOT GOOD)

-“Hoovervilles” created in cities, so terrible they were named after him

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16
Q

Hawley Smoot Tariff 1930

A

-raises tariffs to their highest rates ever

-hurts America and world economics even more

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17
Q

Federal Farm Board and Reconstruction Finance Corporation

A

both last-ditch efforts by Hoover to save the economy

FAIL

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18
Q

Federal Farm Board

A

aimed to stabilize farming prices by temporarily holding surplus grain and cotton in storage

DID NOT WORK

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19
Q

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

A

created to stabilize large businesses so it could “trickle down” to smaller businesses

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20
Q

Bonus Army

A

-Veterans from WWI march to DC asking for early payment of their promised war bonus

-met with troops who fire, forcing them to leave

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21
Q

FDR “New Deal”

A

-government will step in and fight for the people

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22
Q

FDR “three R’s”

A

-Relief for the people out of work

-Recovery for businesses and economy

-Reform of American economic institutions (banks)

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23
Q

FDR “Fireside Chats”

A

radio talks with FDR to the nation, discussing his flans for the future

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24
Q

FDR’s first priority in the first 100 days

A

-stabilize the baking system

-rebuild public’s confidence in banks

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25
Q

Public Works Administration (PWA)

A

-state and local governments given money to build roads, bridges, etc

-give job opportunities

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26
Q

Civilian Conservation Crops (CCC)

A

employed young men on projects on federal lands and paid families

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27
Q

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A

one of the poorest regions in the nation (the south) received government money so it wouldn’t be poor anymore

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28
Q

Emergency Banking Relief Act

A

-authorized the government to examine the finances of banks closed during Bank Holiday

-banks were only to be reopened if approved by the government

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29
Q

Glass-Steagall Act

A

increased regulation of the banks and limited how banks could invest customer’s money

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30
Q

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

A

guaranteed individual bank deposits if banks were to close

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31
Q

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

A

attempted to even the playing field between industry and labor

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32
Q

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

A

regulate the stock market and to place strict limits
on speculative practices

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33
Q

Federal Housing Administration

A

-boosted home building and home ownership by insuring bank loans

-yet prevented African Americans from owning homes

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34
Q

the New Deal has successes and fails

A

…

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35
Q

Father Coughlin

A

-priest with radio show

-attacked FDR for being too attached to money interest because they were Jewish

36
Q

Huey Long

A

-Louisiana governor, corrupt

-attacked FDR for “not doing enough”

37
Q

2nd New Deal

A

after 1934 Midterm election, FDR hearing critics wanted to expand the New Deal

38
Q

Work’s Progress Administrations (WPA)

A

largest federal agency to provide jobs for Americans

39
Q

Resettlement Administration (RA)

A

provided loans to farmers and camps for migrant
workers to find decent housing

40
Q

National Labor Relations/Wagner Act (1935)

A

-guaranteed a worker’s right to join a Union and a Union’s right to collectively bargain

-eliminated business practices that were unfair to labor

41
Q

Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

A

provided loans so that electricity could be provided to rural areas

42
Q

Social Security Act (1935)

A

-created social security system

-federal insurance program for citizens over 65, workers who lost jobs, disabled, and dependent children with their mothers

43
Q

FDR easily wins reelection. Turns his attention to the conservative Supreme Court which ruled some programs unconstitutional. FDR proposes ‘Court Packing,’ but it does not get passed

A

…

44
Q

Labor Union membership increased during the time of FDR

A

…

45
Q

Congress of the Industrial Organizations (CIO)

A

new focus on organizing unskilled workers in the auto, steel and textile industries

46
Q

Fair Labor and Standards Act of 1938

A

-minimum wage established at 40 cents an hour

-maximum work week of 40 hours, could only work longer if overtime was added

-child labor restrictions on hiring people under 16 enacted

47
Q

Keynesian Economics

A

belief that the lack of federal government spending led to the Recession that ended the New Deal

48
Q

Dust Bowl

A

disaster forces many to move west

49
Q

Women during the Depression:

A

-enter the work face with numbers greater than ever before
-still receive lower pay

50
Q

Mexicans deported because they are believed to be taking jobs from white people

A

…

51
Q

Africans last to be hired, first to be hired. Discrimination still continues

A

…

52
Q

Indian Reorganization (Wheeler-Howard) Act

A

returned reservation lands to Natives and encouraged preservation of Native cultures and customs

53
Q

Isolationism

A

the world wanted peace and the US didn’t want to be bothered with European affairs

PEACE AT ALL COSTS AFTER WWI

54
Q

Washington Conference 1921

A

-treaties and agreements on how to maintain peace in the Pacific because Japan is seen as a “threat”

55
Q

Kellog-Briand Pact 1928

A

nations renounced the aggressive use of force to achieve national goals

wanting to eliminate war

56
Q

Dawes Plan 1924

A

American banks lend Germany money to rebuild and repay war debts, but Great Depression ends this

57
Q

Japan in 1931 invades Manchuria shows that League of Nations in ineffective because aggression will not be met with force.

WORLD IS NOT READY TO GO TO WAR TO HELP ALLIANCES

A

…

58
Q

Neutrality Acts (1935-1937) passed by Congress, FDR

A

-President could prohibit all arms shipments and US citizens could not travel on nations at war ships

-forbade the extension of loans and credits to nations at war

-forbade the shipment of arms to the opposing sides in the Spanish Civil War

59
Q

Why did FDR pass the Neutrality Acts?

A

FDR sees war is coming soon and America needs to be ready

60
Q

Facism

A

aggression and shows of fore were the best ways to show nations and race superiority

61
Q

FDR wants to aid Great Britain in spite of Isolationists so he chips away neutrality laws to support GB

A

…

62
Q

Cash and Carry

A

a nation at war could buy US weapons if it used its
own ships and paid cash

-only GB could do this

63
Q

Selective Service Act

A

draft is instituted to begin building up US military

64
Q

Destroyers-for-bases Deal

A

GB got 50 US battleships and US got to build military bases in the Caribbean

65
Q

Four Freedoms Address by FDR

A

-lays out his visions for the Democratic world

-freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, freedom from fear

66
Q

Lend-Lease Act

A

-allowed GB to buy weapons from the US on credit

-US openly supports GB

67
Q

America did not want war right away with Japan
-wanted to build up forces in the Pacific

Japan recognized it was at a huge disadvantage and needed to strike first, so they strike Pearl Harbor

A

…

68
Q

US Military recognizes that Japan military is limited, to they turn focus to Europe (with the exception of Tokyo)

A

…

69
Q

War Production Board

A

US government manages industries during WWII

70
Q

Office Of War Information

A

important agency that oversaw propaganda in the US during WWII

-says this is a “Good War”

71
Q

Office of Price Administration

A

regulates prices, wages, and rent during WWII

72
Q

Double V slogan

A

-used by African Americans joining the military during this time

-slogan for victory over facism abroad and victory of equality at home

73
Q

Japanese Internment

A

-Japanese Americans on the West Coast are forced into internment camps

-Korematsu v. US ruled this was a justified response in War Time

74
Q

D-Day/Battle of Normandy

A

-largest water assault in history
-established foothold in France

(The European Theater)

75
Q

Battle of Midway

A

America v. Japanese aircraft

USA halts any further Japanese expansion

76
Q

“Island Hopping”

A

attacking smaller Japanese islands to get closer to the mainland

77
Q

Manhattan Project

A

secret, US mission on building the atomic bomb

78
Q

J. Robert Oppenheimer

A

headed Los Alamos Laboratory, where the first
atomic bomb was successfully dropped

79
Q

Harry S. Truman

A

VP who became P after FDR’s death

80
Q

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

A

locations where atomic bombs were dropped, forcing Japan to surrender, ending WWII

81
Q

the “Big Three”

A

-Churchill (GB)
-Roosevelt (USA)
-Stalin (Soviet)

met to determine the course of the war and world

82
Q

Casablanca 1943

A

-meeting with Churchill and Roosevelt

-agreed to invade Sicily and demand surrender from the Axis

83
Q

Tehran 1943

A

-GB, USA would begin to liberate France next year

-Soviets would invade Germany and eventually Japan

84
Q

Yalta 1945

A

-last big 3 meeting

-Allies would divide Germany

-Soviets would attack Japan

-countries would form United Nations/peace organization

85
Q

Potsdam 1945

A

-Stalin (Soviet)
-Atlee (GB)
-Truman (USA)

-agreed Japan needed to surrender
-Germany and Berlin would be split
-Stalin is done with meetings

86
Q

Fear of Communism rises again after these WWII Diplomatic meetings. Soviets fear US might do something to the Soviet Union

US and Soviets are the big powers of the World

Leads into the cold war

A

…

APUSH (16 decks)

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