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The Gilded Age Flashcards

1
Q

the Gilded Age

A

the rich vs the poor

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2
Q

who completed the Transcontinental Railroad?

A

immigrant workers

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3
Q

everything about railroads

A

-they were built with federal and private funds (source of corruption)

-the backbone of the American economy at the time

-provide new technological, management, and business techniques

-technology reduced the need for laborers while production increased

-the Union Pacific goes west

-the Central Pacific goes east

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4
Q

Taylorism

A

(created by Frederick Taylor) a plan that:

-divided work to increase efficiency over everything else (working on one specific thing)

-increased production

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5
Q

How does Taylorism change the American economy?

A

-the economy grows

-the middle class expands

-wealth is in the hands of railroad owners

-the lower class is unhappy

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6
Q

Panic of 1873

A

-caused by the railroads going into bankruptcy

-crushes the lower class, wealthy people are fine

-government does nothing to help

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7
Q

result of the Panic of 1873

A

lower/middle-class workers want better working conditions but these do not get resolved

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8
Q

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

A

worker issues do not get resolved so railroad workers strike, violent, chaotic

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9
Q

result of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877

A

-railroads have the support of state, federal, and private troops so they put an end to it (shows who the government supports)

-workers realize they need to unionize and coordinate actions better

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10
Q

Social Darwinism

A

survival of the fittest:

-all species and societies were governed by competition and only the best make it to the top

-the wealthiest in society had earned and deserved everything in American society

-the poor were poor because they did not work hard enough

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11
Q

What is a Union?

A

people coming together to oppose business (most likely unfair wages)

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12
Q

reason for many unions forming:

A

railroads, middlemen, and warehouses continue to charge more than market price which is also bad for farmers

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13
Q

National Grange Movement

A

(not a labor union) a group that worked to increase the power of farmers

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14
Q

Granger Laws

A

state laws that limited how much big organizations charged farmers

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15
Q

Munn v. Illinois

A

state governments had power to control private industries from overcharging farmers

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16
Q

the Knights of Labor

A

-skilled and unskilled workers focus on local-level issues

-showed if you pressure local politics you can most likely achieve these goals

-success around the country on a local level

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17
Q

Haymarket Bombings

A

-Knights of Labor organized a labor movement/protest

-police attack, bombings, protesters killed

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18
Q

How did the wealthy/upper class portray Unions?

A

as groups that wanted to overthrow the government.

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19
Q

results of the Haymarket Bombing:

A

-the Knights of Labor are portrayed as agents of communism and are destroyed

-Unions around the country agree they need a new plan to help with unfair working conditions

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20
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

the OG Pittsburgh Steeler

-with steel, made his way up from the bottom, wanted money

-dominated the US and global steel market

-known for vertical integration

-against union labors

-sold his company to JP Morgan and then devoted himself to philanthropy

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21
Q

Vertical Integration

A

a company controlling every stage of the industrial process (ex. mining, transporting, to finished product)

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22
Q

John Rockefeller

A

Bezos before Bezos

-founded Standard Oil and turned it into a monopoly

-known for Horizontal Integration

-ruthless in business

-retired as the riches man in history, does not care about charity

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23
Q

monopoly

A

a company that dominates a market so
much that it faces little to no competition from others

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24
Q

Horizontal Integration

A

a process through which one company takes control of all its former competitors in a specific industry

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25
J.P. Morgan
the Banker -consolidated and controlled major industries from banking, steel, and General Electric -bailed out the US Treasury at one point with his supply of gold -public hates him because they do not like one man running the money of the nation -driven to own everything, became the face of greed and the Gilded Age
26
Frederick Jackson Turner's Frontier Thesis
democracy today is shaped by moving west, now that it is over, our democracy will change -the thesis was later saw as a fact, defines American history of that time
27
Indian Wars
-whites pushed west while fighting natives for the land (constant conflict of land, resources, bison) -US government tries negotiations to protect
28
Sand Creek Massacre, Wounded Knee, Battle of Little Big Horn
-natives trying to flee from state militia attacks because people are setting west -goal of the militia is extermination of civilizations
29
Reservation Policy
created by Andrew Jackson in the 1830s puts natives on reservations but migration in the west makes this policy impossible to maintain
30
Assimilationists
Protestants trying to make Natives Christian through boarding schools (forcing them to be white, a failure and racist)
31
Dawes Act 1887
ended Indian reservations, US Government gives land to Natives to "civilize them" (force them to be white) failure, the good land went to white settlers
32
Push Factors of Immigration
(negative factors) -poverty of farmworkers in Europe -overcrowding and joblessness in cities -religious persecution
33
Pull Factors of Immigration
(positive attractions) -ease of travel -reputation of political and religious freedom -economic opportunities
34
"Old" Immigrants
-from British Isles, Germany, Scandinavia -high level of literacy and skill allowed them to develop to American society quicker
35
"New" Immigrants
-from southern and eastern Europe (Italy, Greece) -faced challenges in finding success in America -Social Darwinism saw them as lower than the "Old" Immigrants
36
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
government outlaws the immigration of Chinese to America (because there were "too many in America")
37
Immigration causes ethnic neighborhoods to develop in cities. Big reason for majority of why Americans live in cities.
.....
38
Tenement Apartments
landlords crammed over 4,000 people into one city block in small apartments -disease, poor health, poverty
39
Political Machines
a party organization, led by "boss", that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state -they want the power and would get it through corruption
40
Laissez Faire
"you do you" that the less the government is involved in the economy, the better off business will be
41
What did the government believe in at the time?
stick to the status quo -laisses faire and social darwinism
42
Interstate Commerce Act 1881
intention was to protect farmers from high railroad shipping of goods prices, extreme fail
43
Sherman Antitrust Act
the goal was to break up monopolies and end trust, but proved too weak due to the Supreme Court
44
Pendleton Act of 1881
citizens can compete for federal jobs without special treatment or the spoils system
45
the Civil Service Commission
government agency under the Pendleton Act that oversaw how people would get federal jobs
46
How was currency a political issue?
There was a question of if gold or silver backed our currency
47
Who wanted silver to back the currency?
the lower class -it could be borrowed at lower interest rates and easier to pay off loans
48
Who wanted gold to back the currency?
bankers, investors, upper class -if you had gold you were rich
49
Result of gold backing the currency
it helps the upper class maintain their power in the government
50
Tariffs
(tax on imported goods) helped big businesses and hurt farmers
51
Republicans at this time
-pro-business -middle class -targets immigrants
52
Democrats at this time
-"solid south" -political machines -believed in white supremacy
53
Political Stalemate
(both sides do nothing) no one helped the poor, man was on his own
54
Omaha Platform and Populist Party
called for changes to the political and economic system -silver backed the economy -8 hour workday -more power to the people
55
Panic of 1893
turning point in politics -20% unemployment -causes people to support the populist party -shows government does not care for the poor
56
Coxey's Army 1894
an unorganized protest in D.C. against the government, but it was dispersed
57
1896 presidential election
money (William McKinley R.) vs. the people (William Jennings Bryan D.)
58
Cross of Gold Speech
by William Bryan, talks about silver should back the economy, gives Bryan the candidate spot
59
1896 election result
McKinley wins, but politics is changed. (the people are more involved, good for populists)
60
"New South"
the New South should embrace economic diversity and that the South will change, it doesnt
61
What is happening in the South?
-still the poorest part of the country -elites still have all the power -racism prevents poor whites from working with poor blacks
62
Lost Cause- Daughters of the Confederacy
...
63
Lynching
know what it is -wanted blacks to be at the bottom
64
Jim Crowe Laws
makes segregation legal with the help of the Supreme Court -businesses did not need to provide to African Americans
65
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896
separate but equal did not violate the 14th Amendment
66
Civil Rights Cases
federal government could do nothing about segregation (it was up to the states)
67
Why was there a decrease in African Americans registered to vote?
literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses
68
Ida B. Wells
(hero of her time) campaigned against Jim Crowe laws, lynching, racism
69
Atlanta Compromise
created by Booker T. Washington: argues that blacks and whites southerners needed to work together to make the south prosper (many whites supported this)
70
W.E.B. DuBois
demanded an end to segregation and equal rights to all Americans

APUSH (16 decks)

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