Final Exam Part 1- Vocab Flashcards
Matrilineal
females in native societies had more rights than in comparison to European societies
the Three Sisters
corns, beans, squash
Crusades, Reformation, Renaissance
factors that drive Europeans to the new world
Conquistadors
people who came to the New World. they conquered the land and the people living there
Encomienda System
the system in which the Spanish were given land and were brutal to the Natives
Bartolome De Las Casas
Catholic priest who writes about how brutal the Encomienda System is and how it is bad towards the Natives.
Critical Race Theory
the Spanish believed they were better than anyone. these laws reinforced racial hierarchies
the Casta System
Spanish men would marry anyone. this system showed the rankings of their children
Peninsulars
those born in Spain
Creoles
those born in the New World to Spanish
parents
Mestizos
those born of Spanish men and native
women
Mulattos
those born of Spanish men and African
Women
the Columbian Exchange
result of Christopher Columbus in the New World. a trade set up between Europe and the New World.
Europe gives: pigs, horses, germs, sugar, wheat, bananas, goats, cows, chickens
New World gives: syphilis, Three Sisters
big win for Europe
Spain in colonizing the New World
men looking to get rich through exploration, converting Natives to Catholicism (Southeast)
French in colonizing the New World
men looking to make money via the fur trade. they rely on alliances with the Natives (Canada, North America)
Dutch in colonizing the New World
Trade Empire, limited military, struggled to be profitable (Mid-Atlantic)
English in colonizing the New World
economic and religious in nature, brought both men and women. settled all over America (most notable Northeast)
Chesapeake and Southern Region
depended on tobacco, required intense labor, the gateway for slavery
New England Region
families came for religious purposes, fishing and lumber is profitable
Mid-Atlantic Region
British, cities, trade hubs with ports
Mercantilism
an economic theory that the more you can export the better
Salutary Neglect
the Colonies have a free hand in their affairs as long as they are profitable for England
Navigation Acts of the 17th century
Parliament restricted colonial trade to only England
Molasses Act
sets of acts by Britain, tightens control over colonial exports and manufacturing
Mayflower Compact
signed while on the Mayflower, pledging to establish a civil government with the authority to enact laws
Beaver Wars
British vs. French (both had Native alliances) over fur
The Pequot War
British colonists unite with other
native tribes to wipe out the Pequot tribes
King Phillip’s War
fighting between Colonists and Natives. the deadliest war in colonial period.
Bacon’s Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon leads revolt in Virginia because of over-taxation. he takes over, dies shortly. everything goes back to how it was originally.
as a result African slavery becomes popular.
Triangle Trade
the flow of goods, and slaves from Europe, Africa, and the New World
Middle Passage
the name of the slave journey from Africa to the New World
Stono Rebellion and Resistance
enslaves people rebel and march South. they are killed and their dead bodies were publicly displayed to warn other slaves
French and Indian War
Britain and Colonists vs. French and Natives over to see which European Empire would control the New World
Treaty of Paris 1763
ends the French and Indian War, leaves Britain as the European Power in the New World
Sugar Act
enforced laws over smuggling. court cases were tried in British courts rather than colonial courts
Stamp Act
direct tax on anything printed in
the colonies
Quartering Act
allowed British troops to live in colonists’ houses for free.
Proclamation Act
Britain forbid colonists from
settling beyond the Appalachian
mountains
Sons of Liberty
founded by Samuel Adams, a group who caused many British rebellions
The Townshend Acts
taxes would be used to pay British government officials, private homes could be searched
for smuggled goods, led to boycott English goods
Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party
led by Son’s of Liberty, uprising against British
Intolerable Acts
the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Acts
Coercive Acts
closed the Port of Boston, reduced the power of the Massachusetts Legislature, expanded Quartering Act
Quebec Acts
organized the new Canadian lands gained in the French and Indian War, established Roman Catholicism as the official religion
Enlightenment
movement that believed most of humanity’s problems could be solved through human reason
First Continental Congress
men wrote a letter to the King protesting
Declaration of Rights
from the First Continental Congress to the King:
-colonists wanted former colonial rights
-if not boycott
-if rights were not recognized, Congress would meet again
2nd Continental Congress
met after the battle of Lexington and Concord
Olive Branch Petition
the last plea for peace by the colonists to King George
Declaration of Independence
written by Thomas Jefferson, established the the 13 colonies are no longer apart of Britain
Battle of Lexington and Concord
first battle of the Revolutionary War
Continental Army
led by George Washington, main colonial army
Battle of Trenton
saving moment for the Continental Army, turning point
Battle of Saratoga
US victory caused the French become allies with the United States
Battle of Yorktown
final battle of the Revolutionary war, Britain surrenders
Treaty of Paris established:
-ended the war
-Britain would recognize the USA as an independent nation
-the Mississippi River is the western boundary
-Americans would pay debts owed to British
Articles of Confederation
the original laws of American government, focused on state government rather than federal
Land Ordinance
organized Northwest territories so that land could be sold to pay off the national debt
Northwest Ordinance
territories would be under Federal control until population reached a certain size and then they could apply for statehood (no slaves in territories)
Shay’s Rebellion
Daniel Shay leads a rebellion over over-taxation. shows that Articles of Confederation are not working
New Jersey Plan
every state has equal number of representation
Virginia Plan
representatives wanted to tie representation to state population
Great Compromise
created the set up of Congress with a House and Senate
Federal System
government with a strong, limited central
government
3 Branches-Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
Three-Fifths Compromise
counted enslaved people as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of determining a state’s level of taxation and representation
The Bill of Rights
were added to convince states who had not ratified the Constitution to join the Union
