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The Cold War Era Flashcards

1
Q

USA and Soviets dislike and distrust each other.

Despite WWII alliance. They see each other as rivals

A

…

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2
Q

America still wants to be a global superpower. They shape the worlds foreign affairs to their benefit

Soviets never want to be invaded again. They also want to spread communism

A

…

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3
Q

The Cold War

A

to determine which nation’s ideals better sever humanity (in each country’s mind)

-US believes that Communism/Soviets want to expand

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4
Q

Bretton Woods Agreement

A

creates global economic structures (ex. International Monetary Fund) to tie nations together through globalization and free trade

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5
Q

United Nations

A

-founded post-WWII

-capture belief in idealism

-America dominated

-USA and SU in it

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6
Q

Containment Doctrine by George Kennan

A

-argues the Soviets wants to expand until they receive pushback

-Truman adopts this as “Get Tough” America

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7
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

America would support any country opposing the Soviet’s ‘expansion’ (Communism)

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8
Q

Marshall Plan

A

-USA gives money to European nations to help rebuild their country after WW2

-so they don’t fall to communism

-Soviets and their allies reject US money

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9
Q

During the Cold War, the US will support those with dictatorships as long as not communism

A

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10
Q

Winston Churchill uses the term “Iron Curtain”

A

used to describe the European states who fell under Soviet Control

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11
Q

Germany splits into East and West

A

East (Soviets)
West (USA)

both countries have different visions for Germany
-Soviets want it weak
-USA wants to make it strong

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12
Q

1948-1949 Berlin Airlift

A

-Stalin tries to force the Allies out of Berlin

-US flew supplies and moved aircraft capable of dropping nuclear bombs to Europe

-Stalin backs down and ensures Germany will be divided for the remaining of the war

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13
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

a military alliance between US and European countries to deter Soviet expansion into Europe as response to the Berlin Airlift

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14
Q

National Security Act 1947

A

modernized US military by

-centralizing the Department of Justice
-created the National Security Council
-created the CIA

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15
Q

After Berlin, the two countries competed in a race to see who could make the biggest nuclear bombs

-1949 Soviets tested the first atomic bomb
-Truman orders development of the Hydrogen Bomb

A

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16
Q

America has agreements with Japan and Philippines to keep control over the Pacific

A

…

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17
Q

China in their open Civil War

A

Nationalists (led by Chiang Kai-Shek) and Communists (led by Mao Zedong)

-America supported the Nationalists
-but Communists are more popular, forced the Nationalists to Taiwan
-USA in horror as most popular nation falls to comunism

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18
Q

next sign of Communist aggression: Korea splits

A

the Communism in the North and the Nationalists in the South

-Communism North invades the South sparking the Korean War
-N. Korea invades the South

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19
Q

Korean War

A

-N. Korea invades South

-USA with United Nations send troops to S. Korea

-warned by China not to advance or China will
enter the war with N. Korea

-war drags on over disputes of POWs

-38th Parallel divides N. and S. Korea

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20
Q

General Douglass MacArthur

A

-important in Korean War

-wants nukes to be used in fighting, fired by Truman

-still somehow seen as hero

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21
Q

The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act/GI Bill (1944)

A

returning servicemen had the opportunity to go to college and buy houses

led to more skilled workforce and stable lives

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22
Q

Truman’s goals post WW2

A

create his own New Deal, national health insurance, increase minimum wage, governmental commitment to maintaining full employment

BUT a renewed Republican Party and
Southern Democrats block these

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23
Q

Truman advances Civil Rights

A

late 1940s-early 1950s
officially desegregates the US military

BUT Southern Democrats (still racist) block Truman’s more ambitious programs

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24
Q

During Truman’s presidency, Republicans regained control in the House and Senate and they wanted to make change

A

….

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25
Republicans pass the 22nd Amendment
a president cannot serve more than two terms
26
Republicans pass Taft-Hartley Act of 1947
restricts the power of labor unions get a job, then you can join a union
27
Truman promises "Fair Deal" to secure second term
national healthcare insurance, federal aid to education, civil rights legislation, funds for public housing, and a new farm program BUT plan fails because Southern Democrats, Republicans with fear of communism spreading in USA
28
2nd Red Scare
belief that communist spies had infiltrated the highest levels of American government and culture
29
Loyalty Review Board
created by the Truman Administration to investigate suspected Communists does not find any, but they find other "suspects" (LGBTQ) and use this as an excuses to go after them
30
Smith Act
made it illegal for people to advocate or join organizations for the overthrow of the US government -violation of freedom of speech
31
McCarran Internal Security Act (1950)
-Congress made it unlawful to support an establishment of a totalitarian government (communism) -restricted the employment and travel of those joining a communist front group -authorized the creation of detention camps for subversives
32
House of Representatives UnAmerican Activities Committee (HUAC)
investigated government officials, Hollywood, writers, and the Boy Scouts for suspected ties to communism it was more show trials than anything, but dangerous for those called before it
33
After the Soviets developed the Atomic Bomb, Americans believed that Soviet Spies had stolen the information
,,,
34
Joseph McCarthy (R)
-claimed he had a list of Soviet spies in the highest levels of American government -he takes an active role in fighting the Soviets on American soil -Republicans allowed this because it helped them gain in politics
35
Army-McCarthy Hearings in 1954
downfall of McCarthy, seen as a bully
36
Dwight D. Eisenhower or "IKE" (R)
-ant-communist -first Republican president in 20 years -balance budget while keeping the New Deal -political leader in his party, country, and world
37
IKE -created the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) -named Oveta Culp Hobby head of department, first Republican woman named to a cabinet
///
38
1956 Highway Way Act
created the interstate highway system causes American economy booms and Ike is easily reelected in 1956
39
taxes much higher during the time of Ike,
39
taxes much higher during the time of Ike,
40
taxes much higher during the time of Ike, government charging more but giving out lots of money, SUCCESS
....
41
Most of Ike's attention was focused on the Cold War, he was against nuclear weaposn
....
42
“Brinksmanship"
-believed by John Foster Dulles, Secretary of State -America should push the Communist powers to brink of war so they would back down to the threat of American nukes -sold as tough and cost effective -end of the world if used
43
new countries emerged who would take center stage in global competition between US and Soviet Union Ike used the CIA to make sure these countries were not communist
....
44
French tried to regain land from Vietnam, (Ike supports French) they lost but Vietnam was split and Cuba falls to communism, causing panic in USA
North- Communist South- Americans this plants the seeds for the Vietnam war
45
Eisenhower Doctrine
US pledged economic and military aid to any Middle Eastern countries threatened by communism
46
OPEC forms in 1960
Middle Eastern countries are working together to leave the Soviets and US alone later causes tension between US and middle eastern leaders
47
“Spirit of Geneva"
-meeting between Ike (USA) and Khrushchev (Soviet) -showed the two leaders could talk and work together diplomatically
48
1956 Hungarian Revolt
US does not intervene as Soviets use tanks to put down a student revolt -seen as a backstep from the Spirit of Geneva meeting
49
Sputnik
Soviets send an object into space before the Americans spurred the creation of NASA
50
Second Berlin Crisis 1958
Khruschev threatens to “bury capitalism” and demands US pulls troops out of Berlin. Ike invites Khruschev to US to discuss and peace is preserved
51
U-2 Incident 1960
US spy plane shot down over the Soviet Union ends any chance at further negotiations with the Soviet Union
52
Ike in his farewell address
warns of the “Military-Industrial Complex” the military had too much influence and the country had too much fear the country needs to uphold its democratic values
53
American elites believed that American history with little disagreement in its Consensus, African American Civil Rights proved this was a lie
...
54
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
sought to fight segregation in the US Court system -end goal was to overturn Plessy v Ferguson
55
Brown v Board of Education
ruled that school segregation should end
56
South response to Brown v Board of Education
maintain white supremacy ignore the law, Southern Government, KKK
57
murder of Emmet Till
outrages nation and they see what southern racism is like
58
Montgomery Bus Boycott
led by MLK, Africans refuse to ride the bus for over a year led the Supreme Court to rule that segregation laws are unconstitutional
59
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
organized ministers and churches to help with Civil Rights struggle
60
the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
organized students to participate in non-violent protests
61
Kennedy as president
-impressive cabinet -promised to aid education, federal support of healthcare, civil rights -the Cold Ear distracts most of his domestic ideas
62
1961 Bay of Pigs
JFK allows CIA to attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro and communism in Cuba plan fails, critics question if JFK is too soft on communism
63
Kennedy does nothing to stop the Berlin Wall being built, is he too soft?
....
64
JFK sent for naval blockade of Cuba because soviets' have nukes in russia
-the soviets back down -soviets agree not to place nukes in cuba -us would remove nukes from turkey in exchange the closest the world has been to a nuclear war
65
1957 Civil Rights Act
reestablishes a federal civil rights commission
66
1960 Civil Rights Act
gives justice department more power to protest voting rigths
67
DeJure discrimination
occurs via law (through Civil Rights Movement)
68
DeFacto discrimination
occurs out of habit and custom (how do we counter this?)
69
George Wallace governor of alabama
argued business owners should be able to serve who they want, victimize whites "segregation forever"
70
1961 Freedom Riders
white and black northerns travel via bus across the south to participate in voter registrations and sit-ins
71
1963 MLK leads March to Washington
-peaceful march -"I Have A Dream" criticizes government for not following the emancipation proclamation
72
1964 Civil Rights Act
made segregation illegal in all public facilities and federal government had power to enforce desegregation
73
1965 Voting Rights Act
ended literary tests and provided federal registers in areas Africans were kept from voting
74
March to Montgomery
MLK leads march for voting rights, violet, draws national attention
75
In the 1960s, the nation sees violence in two ways
-south is racist -Africans cause violence and need less rights
76
Malcolm X
a voice in Civil Rights Movement saying MLK is too accommodating to whites and they should use violence instead
77
"Black Power"
attacks white society, MLK supports, less support by whites for MLK
78
1960s watts riots
broadcasted, whites asked if they moved to quickly and became more against integration

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