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Abi Biology 2016 > The Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the features of the respiratory system?

A 
Nasal cavity
Cilia
Larynx
Trachea
C-shaped cartilage rings
Bronchus 
Bronchioles
Lung
Alveolus
Pleural membrane
Pleural space / cavity
Ribcage 
Intercostal muscles
Diaphragm
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2
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

A

To let air into the body

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3
Q

What is the function of the mouth?

A

To let air into the body

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4
Q

What is the function of the cilia?

A

Moves mucous and dirt up the trachea and bronchi

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5
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

Contains the vocal folds

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6
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

Wind pipe

Carries air from the mouth and nose to the lungs

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7
Q

What is the function of the C-shaped cartilage rings?

A

Gives the trachea structure and keeps it open

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8
Q

What is the function of the bronchus?

A

Allows air into the lungs Splits into two from the trachea

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9
Q

What is the function of the bronchioles?

A

Allows air into the alveoli

They branch out from the bronchus and get smaller

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10
Q

What is the function of the lung?

A

They are the organs in the rib cage that contain the alveoli.
It is a spongy elastic sac lined with mucous

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11
Q

What is the function of the alveolus?

A

Grape-like structure at the end of the bronchioles that help the oxygen to diffuse into the blood

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12
Q

What is the function of the pleural membrane?

A

Surrounds the lung

It is very smooth to prevent friction

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13
Q

What is the function of the pleural space?

A

Space between the lung and the chest wall

Allows space for the lung to expand

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14
Q

What is the function of the ribcage?

A

Protects the lung

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15
Q

What is the function of the intercostal muscles?

A

The muscles in between the ribs that assist with breathing

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16
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm?

A

Muscle in between the small intestine and the lungs which also assists with breathing

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17
Q

What can improve diffusion, specifically from the lungs into the capillaries?

A

A thin membrane
A moist membrane
A large membrane

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18
Q

Why does the membrane in the alveoli need to be moist?

A

So that the Oxygen will dissolve into the layer of moisture

This gives the Oxygen particle a better chance of diffusing into the capillary

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19
Q

Why does the membrane in the alveoli need to be thin?

A

So that the oxygen doesn’t need to travel as far through the membrane

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20
Q

Why do we need alveoli?

A

To increase the contact between the capillaries and the oxygen

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21
Q

Why are snorkels a particular length?

A

Because our lungs are not strong enough to provide enough pressure to push gas any further.

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22
Q

What is gaseous exchange?

A

The process whereby Carbon Dioxide is swapped for Oxygen

23
Q

What is oxyhemoglobin?

A

Haemoglobin that carries Oxygen

24
Q

What is carbaminohemoglobin?

A

Haemoglobin that carries carbon dioxide

25
Q

How do you breathe in?

A

Your diaphragm and your intercostal muscles work together to change the pressure in your lungs

26
Q

Why do you need cartilage in your trachea?

A

So that the pressure from the lungs will not collapse the trachea

27
Q

Why are the cartilage rings C-shaped?

A

So that the oesophagus has some room for expansion

28
Q

What is the importance of maintains the right level of pleural fluid?

A

If there is too much, the pressure on the lung could make it burst
If there is too little, the lung will stick to the pleural membrane as it expands, then as it decrease, the lung will rip

29
Q

Why do you need the diaphragm and the intercostal diagrams?

A

There is no muscle tissue in the lungs

30
Q

How does inspiration work?

A

Your diaphragm contracts
This causes it to become flat
The diaphragm is no longer pushing on the bottom of the lungs, so the lungs become a low pressure zone.
At the same time, the internal intercostal muscles contract
This pulls them away from the lungs
The lung pressure is reduced even more
The air will rush into the low pressure zone

31
Q

What happens during expiration?

A

The diaphragm relaxes
This causes it to push against the lungs
The pressure is increased
The external intercostal muscles contract
This pushes them against the lungs
It increases the pressure even more
The air will rush out of the high pressure zone

32
Q

What is a sneeze?

A

A sudden increase in pressure in your lungs, that causes the air to rush out your nose, causing the irritant to exit the nasal cavity

33
Q

Why is there a layer of fluid between the two pleural membranes?

A

To prevent the two membranes from sticking together when the lung expands

34
Q

Why is it a bad thing if the pleural membranes stick together?

A

When the lungs shrink again, they can be torn open

35
Q

Where can you find the intercostal muscles?

A

In between the ribs. There are two sets, one internal (on the inside of the thoracic cavity) and one external (on the outside of the thoracic cavity)

36
Q

Where is the diaphragm?

A

Underneath the ribcage

37
Q

What kind of relationship exists between the pressure in the lungs and the volume in the lungs?

A

Inverse

Volume decrease, pressure increases and vice versa

38
Q

What do cells have to do to produce energy?

A

Respire

39
Q

What is the main type of respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration

40
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Respiring using Oxygen

41
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen ➡️ Carbon dioxide + water + ATP energy

42
Q

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + O2 ➡️ CO2 + H2O + ATP

43
Q

What is another type of respiration?

A

Anaerobic respiration

44
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Respiration used while here is a lack of Oxygen

45
Q

Why would there be a lack of Oxygen?

A

During vigorous exercise

46
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose ➡️ lactic acid + energy

47
Q

What causes stiffness after exercising?

A

Micro damage to the muscle tissue from the exertion of exercise

48
Q

What can one do to alleviate some of the stiffness?

A

Gentle exercises to increase blood flow, and therefore the supply of oxygen, to the cells. It also stretches the muscles.

49
Q

Why does it help to stretch your muscles?

A

It realigns the muscle fibres, which allows them to heal properly

50
Q

What is Oxygen debt?

A

The state of being before you have breathed in enough Oxygen to break down the lactic acid produced during exercise

51
Q

What is a yawn?

A

When you are tired, your lungs do not take in enough oxygen. Your brain sends a message to your lungs to take a big breath.

52
Q

Why do you sneeze?

A

To expel irritants from your nose

53
Q

What are hiccups?

A

A disruption of the diaphragm

54
Q

What parts of your body can affected by smoking?

A 
Brain
Mouth and pharynx
Lungs
Heart
Oesophagus and stomach
Pancreas
Bladder
Uterus and ovaries
Testes
Periphery arteries
Bones

Abi Biology 2016 (10 decks)

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