The Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the features of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Nasal cavity
Cilia
Larynx
Trachea
C-shaped cartilage rings
Bronchus 
Bronchioles
Lung
Alveolus
Pleural membrane
Pleural space / cavity
Ribcage 
Intercostal muscles
Diaphragm

Question 2

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

Answer 2

To let air into the body

Question 3

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 3

To let air into the body

Question 4

What is the function of the cilia?

Answer 4

Moves mucous and dirt up the trachea and bronchi

Question 5

What is the function of the larynx?

Answer 5

Contains the vocal folds

Question 6

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 6

Wind pipe

Carries air from the mouth and nose to the lungs

Question 7

What is the function of the C-shaped cartilage rings?

Answer 7

Gives the trachea structure and keeps it open

Question 8

What is the function of the bronchus?

Answer 8

Allows air into the lungs Splits into two from the trachea

Question 9

What is the function of the bronchioles?

Answer 9

Allows air into the alveoli

They branch out from the bronchus and get smaller

Question 10

What is the function of the lung?

Answer 10

They are the organs in the rib cage that contain the alveoli.
It is a spongy elastic sac lined with mucous

Question 11

What is the function of the alveolus?

Answer 11

Grape-like structure at the end of the bronchioles that help the oxygen to diffuse into the blood

Question 12

What is the function of the pleural membrane?

Answer 12

Surrounds the lung

It is very smooth to prevent friction

Question 13

What is the function of the pleural space?

Answer 13

Space between the lung and the chest wall

Allows space for the lung to expand

Question 14

What is the function of the ribcage?

Answer 14

Protects the lung

Question 15

What is the function of the intercostal muscles?

Answer 15

The muscles in between the ribs that assist with breathing

Question 16

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 16

Muscle in between the small intestine and the lungs which also assists with breathing

Question 17

What can improve diffusion, specifically from the lungs into the capillaries?

Answer 17

A thin membrane
A moist membrane
A large membrane

Question 18

Why does the membrane in the alveoli need to be moist?

Answer 18

So that the Oxygen will dissolve into the layer of moisture

This gives the Oxygen particle a better chance of diffusing into the capillary

Question 19

Why does the membrane in the alveoli need to be thin?

Answer 19

So that the oxygen doesn’t need to travel as far through the membrane

Question 20

Why do we need alveoli?

Answer 20

To increase the contact between the capillaries and the oxygen

Question 21

Why are snorkels a particular length?

Answer 21

Because our lungs are not strong enough to provide enough pressure to push gas any further.

Question 22

What is gaseous exchange?

Answer 22

The process whereby Carbon Dioxide is swapped for Oxygen

Question 23

What is oxyhemoglobin?

Answer 23

Haemoglobin that carries Oxygen

Question 24

What is carbaminohemoglobin?

Answer 24

Haemoglobin that carries carbon dioxide

Question 25

How do you breathe in?

Answer 25

Your diaphragm and your intercostal muscles work together to change the pressure in your lungs

Question 26

Why do you need cartilage in your trachea?

Answer 26

So that the pressure from the lungs will not collapse the trachea

Question 27

Why are the cartilage rings C-shaped?

Answer 27

So that the oesophagus has some room for expansion

Question 28

What is the importance of maintains the right level of pleural fluid?

Answer 28

If there is too much, the pressure on the lung could make it burst If there is too little, the lung will stick to the pleural membrane as it expands, then as it decrease, the lung will rip

Question 29

Why do you need the diaphragm and the intercostal diagrams?

Answer 29

There is no muscle tissue in the lungs

Question 30

How does inspiration work?

Answer 30

Your diaphragm contracts This causes it to become flat The diaphragm is no longer pushing on the bottom of the lungs, so the lungs become a low pressure zone. At the same time, the internal intercostal muscles contract This pulls them away from the lungs The lung pressure is reduced even more The air will rush into the low pressure zone

Question 31

What happens during expiration?

Answer 31

The diaphragm relaxes This causes it to push against the lungs The pressure is increased The external intercostal muscles contract This pushes them against the lungs It increases the pressure even more The air will rush out of the high pressure zone

Question 32

What is a sneeze?

Answer 32

A sudden increase in pressure in your lungs, that causes the air to rush out your nose, causing the irritant to exit the nasal cavity

Question 33

Why is there a layer of fluid between the two pleural membranes?

Answer 33

To prevent the two membranes from sticking together when the lung expands

Question 34

Why is it a bad thing if the pleural membranes stick together?

Answer 34

When the lungs shrink again, they can be torn open

Question 35

Where can you find the intercostal muscles?

Answer 35

In between the ribs. There are two sets, one internal (on the inside of the thoracic cavity) and one external (on the outside of the thoracic cavity)

Question 36

Where is the diaphragm?

Answer 36

Underneath the ribcage

Question 37

What kind of relationship exists between the pressure in the lungs and the volume in the lungs?

Answer 37

Inverse | Volume decrease, pressure increases and vice versa

Question 38

What do cells have to do to produce energy?

Answer 38

Respire

Question 39

What is the main type of respiration?

Answer 39

Aerobic respiration

Question 40

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 40

Respiring using Oxygen

Question 41

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 41

Glucose + Oxygen ➡️ Carbon dioxide + water + ATP energy

Question 42

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 42

C6H12O6 + O2 ➡️ CO2 + H2O + ATP

Question 43

What is another type of respiration?

Answer 43

Anaerobic respiration

Question 44

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 44

Respiration used while here is a lack of Oxygen

Question 45

Why would there be a lack of Oxygen?

Answer 45

During vigorous exercise

Question 46

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 46

Glucose ➡️ lactic acid + energy

Question 47

What causes stiffness after exercising?

Answer 47

Micro damage to the muscle tissue from the exertion of exercise

Question 48

What can one do to alleviate some of the stiffness?

Answer 48

Gentle exercises to increase blood flow, and therefore the supply of oxygen, to the cells. It also stretches the muscles.

Question 49

Why does it help to stretch your muscles?

Answer 49

It realigns the muscle fibres, which allows them to heal properly

Question 50

What is Oxygen debt?

Answer 50

The state of being before you have breathed in enough Oxygen to break down the lactic acid produced during exercise

Question 51

What is a yawn?

Answer 51

When you are tired, your lungs do not take in enough oxygen. Your brain sends a message to your lungs to take a big breath.

Question 52

Why do you sneeze?

Answer 52

To expel irritants from your nose

Question 53

What are hiccups?

Answer 53

A disruption of the diaphragm

Question 54

What parts of your body can affected by smoking?

Answer 54

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