Sense Organs Flashcards
1
Q
How many main senses do humans have?
A
5
2
Q
What are the five senses?
A
Touch Sight Smell Taste Hearing
3
Q
Which organ assists with the sense of touch?
A
The skin
4
Q
Which organ assists with the sense of sight?
A
The eyes
5
Q
Which organ assists with the sense of smell?
A
The nose
6
Q
Which organ assists with the sense of taste?
A
Tongue
7
Q
Which organ assists with the sense of hearing?
A
Ears
8
Q
Which organ controls all of the senses?
A
The brain
9
Q
What are the five main areas of the brain?
A
The frontal lobe The parietal lobe The temporal lobe The occipital lobe The cerebellum
10
Q
What are some of the things that the frontal lobe controls?
A
Problem solving Morality Personality Social skills Regulating emotions
11
Q
What are some of the things that the parietal lobe controls?
A
Recognising sensations
Sense of time
Reading and comprehension
Recognising body position
12
Q
What are some of the things that the temporal lobe controls?
A
Understanding Language Hearing Speech Memory
13
Q
What are some of the things that the occipital lobe controls?
A
Vision and integrating visual information
Colour
Shape
Distance
14
Q
What are the things that the cerebellum controls?
A
Balance
Muscular coordination
Unconscious functions
15
Q
What is the brain stem?
A
It connects the brain to the spine
16
Q
What are the things that the brain stem controls?
A
Regulation of heart beats
Respiration
Body temperature
Essential body functions
17
Q
What is the cerebral hemisphere?
A
It acts as the integrating centre for high complex functions such as learning, memory and emotions
18
Q
What does the hypothalamus do?
A
It maintains homeostasis
COORDINATING the nervous and endocrine systems
Secretes HORMONES of the posterior pituitary
Releases factors that regulate the anterior pituitary
19
Q
What does the pituitary gland do?
A
The posterior lobe stores and RELEASES HORMONES produced by the hypothalamus and the anterior lobe
It produces and secretes hormones regulating many body functions
20
Q
What does the medulla oblongata do?
A
It CONTROLS AUTOMATIC and homeostatic activities, such as swallowing, DIGESTION AND VOMITING,
Controls breathing and heart activity
21
Q
How many components make up the eye?
A
15
22
Q
What are the 15 components of the eye?
A
Sclerotic layer Conjunctiva Cornea Pupil Aqueous humour Iris Ciliary muscles Suspensory ligaments Lens Optic nerve Blind spot Yellow spot Retina Choroid Vitreous humour
23
Q
What is another name for the yellow spot?
A
Fovea
24
Q
What is the sclerotic layer?
A
A protective layer that surrounds the eye
25
What is the sclerotic layer like?
It is white coloured and tough
26
What is the function of the sclerotic layer?
It helps to maintain the shape of the eye
27
What is the conjunctiva?
A clear thin layer covering the front of the eye
28
What is an infection of the conjunctiva called?
Conjunctivitis
29
What is the cornea?
It is a clear "window"
30
Where is the cornea?
In the sclerotic layer
| Underneath the conjunctiva
31
What is the function of the cornea?
It allows light to enter the eye
32
What is the pupil?
It is a hole in the center of the iris
33
What does the pupil do in dim light?
It expands to let more light in
34
What does the pupil do in bright light?
It shrinks down to a small hole
35
What does it mean when the pupil is dilated?
It has expanded to let more light in
36
What is the aqueous humour?
A watery liquid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens
37
What does the aqueous humour do?
It helps to maintain the shape of the eye
38
Where is the iris?
It is just in front of the lens
39
What does the iris do?
It changes size to control the size of the pupil
| It also gives eyes their colour
40
What do the ciliary muscles do?
They change the shape of the lens to bring an image into focus
41
What do the suspensory ligaments do?
Hold the lens in place
42
What is the lens?
A clear jelly-like 'window' that helps focus an image on the back surface of the eye
43
What does the optic nerve do?
It joins the eye to the brain
| It passes information about the image to the Brian for processing so that the image is seen the right way up
44
What is the blind spot?
The place where blood vessels and the optic nerve connect to the eyeball
45
Why is it called the blind spot?
There are no light-sensitive cells here to detect image information
46
What is the yellow spot?
The part of the eye that contains many colour-sensitive cells
47
Where is the fovea?
As a part of the retina
| Directly behind the pupil
48
How can you see the colour of something more clearly?
Look directly at it so that the light passing through the pupil can hit this spot
49
What is the retina?
A layer containing light sensitive cells
50
What does the retina do?
It transmits messages to the brain
51
How many light sensitive cells are in the retina?
Over 100 million
52
What is the choroid?
A black layer behind the lens
| It forms a lining around the eye
53
What does the choroid do?
It prevents light from reflecting all around the eye
| Supplies the eye with blood and oxygen
54
What is the vitreous humour?
A jelly
55
What does the vitreous humour do?
It helps to maintain the shape of the eye
56
What controls the size of the pupil?
Two sets of muscles in the iris
57
What are the two sets of muscles in the iris?
Radial muscles
| Circular muscles
58
What do the circular muscles do in bright light?
They contract
59
Where are the circular muscles?
They form the inner ring of muscles in the iris
60
Where are the radial muscles?
They form the outer ring of the muscles in the iris
61
What do the radial muscles do in bright light?
They relax
62
What does the relaxation of the radial muscles and the contraction of the circular muscles do?
It constricts the pupil
63
What do the radial muscles do in dim light?
They contract
64
What do the circular muscles do in dim light?
They relax
65
What does the relaxation of the circular muscles and the contraction of the radial muscles do?
It causes the pupil to dilate
66
How does the eye adjust for far and near sight?
It changes the shape of the lens
67
What happens to the ciliary muscles when looking at something far away?
They contract
68
What does the contraction of the ciliary muscles do to the lens?
The lens will flatten
69
What do the ciliary muscles do when looking at something near?
They relax
70
What does the relaxation of the ciliary muscles do to the lens?
The lens will become more rounded
71
How many components of the ear are there?
9
72
What are the nine components of the ear?
```
The ossicles
The pin a
Auditory canal
Eardrum
Eustachian rube
Cochlea
Auditory nerves
Semicircular canals
Oval window
```
73
What are the three areas of the ear?
Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear
74
What are the three ossicles?
Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup
75
What are the ossicles?
A group of three tiny bones
76
How loud is a sound once it has reached the stirrup?
30 times louder than at the eardrum
77
What is the pinna?
The visible part of the ear
78
How do we see?
Your eyes' photoreceptors covert light energy into nerve impulses that the brain can understand
79
Why do sound waves need to be amplified?
So that the vibration can move through fluid
80
What is the function of the pinna?
It is specifically shaped to focus sound into the ear
81
What is another name for the auditory canal?
Ear canal
82
What does the auditory canal do?
It connects the outer ear with the eardrum
83
What is another name for the eardrum?
Tympanic membrane
84
What is the eardrum?
Made of a thin sheet of muscle and skin
85
Where is the eardrum?
It is the start of the middle
86
What does the eardrum do?
It vibrates in response to sounds. These vibrations move the ossicles
87
What are the ossicles?
They are three small bones in the middle ear. They are the three smallest bones in the body.
88
What do the ossicles do?
They move in response the vibrations from the eardrum. The hammer connects to the anvil, which connects to the stirrup, which beats against the oval window.
89
What is the eustachian tube?
It is a tunnel that connects to the throat.
90
Where is the auditory canal?
The outer ear
91
What does the Eustachian tube do?
It helps maintain pressure between the middle and inner ear
92
Where is the Eustachian tube?
In the middle ear
93
What is the cochlea?
It is a fluid-filled, coiled tube
94
Where is the cochlea?
It is in the inner ear
95
What is the function of the inner ear?
It passes vibrations on to a series of tiny hairs. These hairlike structures respond to different sounds, and send signals to the auditory nerve
96
What are auditory nerves?
They are nerves that send signals to the brain, which are interpreted as sounds
97
What are semicircular canals?
Three curved sections of the inner ear. They are each perpendicular to each other
98
What is the function of the semi-circular canals?
They respond to the vibrations caused by the movement of your body. They send signals to the brain, which in turn sends signals to your muscles to help you maintain balance
99
What is the oval window?
This is what the stirrup vibrates against.
100
Where is the oval window?
It marks the boundary between the middle and inner ear
101
What is the function of the oval window?
It transfers the vibrations form the middle ear into the cochlea
102
What are the different functions of the tongue?
```
Help swallow- pushes bolus of food down the oesophagus
Pushes food underneath the teeth
Taste organ
Keeps teeth clean
Helps with speech
```
103
What is the main function of the tongue?
To taste
104
What assists the tongue with taste?
Taste buds
105
How many types of taste buds are there?
3
106
What are the three types of tastebuds?
Circumvallate
Foliate
Fungiform
107
Where are circumvallate projections found?
At the back of the tongue
108
Where are the foliate projections found?
On the sides of the tongue
109
Where are the fungi form projections found?
At the front of the tongue
110
What is the cavity of the nose lined with?
Mucous membranes
111
What do the mucous membranes contain?
Smell receptors
112
What do smell receptors connect to?
The olfactory nerve
113
What are smells made of?
Vapours from various substances
114
How do smell receptors recognise smells?
They interact with vapours in a certain way, then they send messages based on these interactions to the brain
115
What is the suspected function of the vomer nasal organ?
It is suspected of being sensitive to pheromones
116
What do pheromones do?
They influence the reproductive cycle
117
How many types of smells are our noses sensitive to?
7
118
What are the seven types of smells?
```
Camphor
Musk
Flower
Mint
Ether
Acrid
Putrid
```
119
When is the sense of smell temporarily lost?
When a person has a cold
120
What animal has a stronger sense of smell than a human?
A dog
121
Why can dogs smell better than humans?
Their olfactory epithelium is larger
122
How many olfactory receptor neurons do we have?
About 40 million
123
What do smells associate with?
Emotions.
124
Why are some smells good to some people and bad to other people?
Smells are associated with emotions and memories, so if someone smelt salt and then was hurt, they will like the smell of slat less that someone who had a good memory associated with a salty smell.
125
What assists the sense of taste?
The sense of smell
126
Why is smell important?
It can alert us to danger, and helps us to trigger memories and emotions
127
Where are tastebuds found?
Beneath the taste pores
128
What is the largest organ in the body?
The skin
129
What is the total surface area of your skin?
About 2m^2
130
What are the functions of the skin?
It protects us from microbes and the elements
Helps regulate body temperature
Permits the sensations of touch, heat and cold
131
How many layers of skin are there?
3
132
What are the three layers of skin?
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
133
What are the two types of epidermis?
Thick skin
| Thin skin
134
Where does thick skin occur?
On your palms and the soles of your feet
135
How many layers does thick skin have?
5
136
How many layers does thin skin have?
4
137
What's are the five layers of thick skin?
```
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosm
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
```
138
Which layer is missing from your thin skin?
Stratum lucidum
139
What helps you to touch?
Cutaneous sensory receptors
140
How many main senses do humans have?
5
141
What are the five senses?
```
Touch
Sight
Smell
Taste
Hearing
```
142
Which organ assists with the sense of touch?
The skin
143
Which organ assists with the sense of sight?
The eyes
144
Which organ assists with the sense of smell?
The nose
145
Which organ assists with the sense of taste?
Tongue
146
Which organ assists with the sense of hearing?
Ears
147
Which organ controls all of the senses?
The brain
148
What are the five main areas of the brain?
```
The frontal lobe
The parietal lobe
The temporal lobe
The occipital lobe
The cerebellum
```
149
What are some of the things that the frontal lobe controls?
```
Problem solving
Morality
Personality
Social skills
Regulating emotions
```
150
What are some of the things that the parietal lobe controls?
Recognising sensations
Sense of time
Reading and comprehension
Recognising body position
151
What are some of the things that the temporal lobe controls?
```
Understanding
Language
Hearing
Speech
Memory
```
152
What are some of the things that the occipital lobe controls?
Vision and integrating visual information
Colour
Shape
Distance
153
What are the things that the cerebellum controls?
Balance
Muscular coordination
Unconscious functions
154
What is the brain stem?
It connects the brain to the spine
155
What are the things that the brain stem controls?
Regulation of heart beats
Respiration
Body temperature
Essential body functions
156
What is the cerebral hemisphere?
It acts as the integrating centre for high complex functions such as learning, memory and emotions
157
What does the hypothalamus do?
It maintains homeostasis
COORDINATING the nervous and endocrine systems
Secretes HORMONES of the posterior pituitary
Releases factors that regulate the anterior pituitary
158
What does the pituitary gland do?
The posterior lobe stores and RELEASES HORMONES produced by the hypothalamus and the anterior lobe
It produces and secretes hormones regulating many body functions
159
What does the medulla oblongata do?
It CONTROLS AUTOMATIC and homeostatic activities, such as swallowing, DIGESTION AND VOMITING,
Controls breathing and heart activity
160
How many components make up the eye?
15
161
What are the 15 components of the eye?
```
Sclerotic layer
Conjunctiva
Cornea
Pupil
Aqueous humour
Iris
Ciliary muscles
Suspensory ligaments
Lens
Optic nerve
Blind spot
Yellow spot
Retina
Choroid
Vitreous humour
```
162
What is another name for the yellow spot?
Fovea
163
What is the sclerotic layer?
A protective layer that surrounds the eye
164
What is the sclerotic layer like?
It is white coloured and tough
165
What is the function of the sclerotic layer?
It helps to maintain the shape of the eye
166
What is the conjunctiva?
A clear thin layer covering the front of the eye
167
What is an infection of the conjunctiva called?
Conjunctivitis
168
What is the cornea?
It is a clear "window"
169
Where is the conjunctiva?
In the sclerotic layer
| Underneath the conjunctiva
170
What is the function of the cornea?
It allows light to enter the eye
171
What is the pupil?
It is a hole in the center of the iris
172
What does the pupil do in dim light?
It expands to let more light in
173
What does the pupil do in bright light?
It shrinks down to a small hole
174
What does it mean when the pupil is dilated?
It has expanded to let more light in
175
What is the aqueous humour?
A watery liquid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens
176
What does the aqueous humour do?
It helps to maintain the shape of the eye
177
Where is the iris?
It is just in front of the lens
178
What does the iris do?
It changes size to control the size of the pupil
| It also gives eyes their colour
179
What do the ciliary muscles do?
They change the shape of the lens to bring an image into focus
180
What do the suspensory ligaments do?
Hold the lens in place
181
What is the lens?
A clear jelly-like 'window' that helps focus an image on the back surface of the eye
182
What does the optic nerve do?
It joins the eye to the brain
| It passes information about the image to the Brian for processing so that the image is seen the right way up
183
What is the blind spot?
The place where blood vessels and the optic nerve connect to the eyeball
184
Why is it called the blind spot?
There are no light-sensitive cells here to detect image information
185
What is the yellow spot?
The part of the eye that contains many colour-sensitive cells
186
Where is the fovea?
As a part of the retina
| Directly behind the pupil
187
How can you see the colour of something more clearly?
Look directly at it so that the light passing through the pupil can hit this spot
188
What is the retina?
A layer containing light sensitive cells
189
What does the retina do?
It transmits messages to the brain
190
How many light sensitive cells are in the retina?
Over 100 million
191
What is the choroid?
A black layer behind the lens
| It forms a lining around the eye
192
What does the choroid do?
It prevents light from reflecting all around the eye
| Supplies the eye with blood and oxygen
193
What is the vitreous humour?
A jelly
194
What does the vitreous humour do?
It helps to maintain the shape of the eye
195
What controls the size of the pupil?
Two sets of muscles in the iris
196
What are the two sets of muscles in the iris?
Radial muscles
| Circular muscles
197
What do the circular muscles do in bright light?
They contract
198
Where are the circular muscles?
They form the inner ring of muscles in the iris
199
Where are the radial muscles?
They form the outer ring of the muscles in the iris
200
What do the radial muscles do in bright light?
They relax
201
What does the relaxation of the radial muscles and the contraction of the circular muscles do?
It constricts the pupil
202
What do the radial muscles do in dim light?
They contract
203
What do the circular muscles do in dim light?
They relax
204
What does the relaxation of the circular muscles and the contraction of the radial muscles do?
It causes the pupil to dilate
205
How does the eye adjust for far and near sight?
It changes the shape of the lens
206
What happens to the ciliary muscles when looking at something far away?
They contract
207
What does the contraction of the ciliary muscles do to the lens?
The lens will flatten
208
What do the ciliary muscles do when looking at something near?
They relax
209
What does the relaxation of the ciliary muscles do to the lens?
The lens will become more rounded
210
How many components of the ear are there?
9
211
What are the nine components of the ear?
```
The ossicles
The pin a
Auditory canal
Eardrum
Eustachian rube
Cochlea
Auditory nerves
Semicircular canals
Oval window
```
212
What are the three areas of the ear?
Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear
213
What are the three ossicles?
Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup
214
What are the ossicles?
A group of three tiny bones
215
How loud is a sound once it has reached the stirrup?
30 times louder than at the eardrum
216
What is the pinna?
The visible part of the ear
217
How do we see?
Your eyes' photoreceptors covert light energy into nerve impulses that the brain can understand
218
What is the largest organ in your body?
Your skin
219
How large is your skin?
About 2 metres squared
220
What is the largest organ in your body?
Your skin
221
How large is your skin?
About 2 metres squared
222
How many main functions does the skin have?
3
223
What are the three main functions of the skin?
It protects us from microbes and the elements
Helps regulate body temperature
Permits the sensations of touch and temperature
224
How many layers does skin have?
3
225
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
226
What is the epidermis?
The outer most layer of skin
Provides a waterproof barrier
Creates our skin tone
227
What is the dermis?
The layer below the epidermis
Contains tough, connective tissue
Contains hair follicles
Contains sweat glands
228
What is the hypodermis?
The deeper subcutaneous tissue
| Made of fat and connective tissue
229
How is the skin's colour created?
Through the pigment melanin
230
What is another name for melanin?
Melanocytes
231
Where are melanocytes located?
In the epidermis
232
How many types of rectors are there?
6
233
What are the six skin receptors?
```
Meissner corpuscle
Pacinian corpuscle
Ruffini organ
Merkel disks
Free nerve endings
Thermoreceptors
```
234
What do meissner corpuscles do?
Sense changes in texture
| Sense slow vibrations
235
What does the pacinian corpuscle do?
It senses deep pressure
| Senses fast vibrations
236
What does the ruffini organ do?
It senses sustained pressure
237
What do the merkel disks do?
They sense sustained touch
| They also sense sustain pressure
238
What do free nerve endings do?
They sense pain and itches
239
What do thermoreceptors do?
They sense temperature
240
How many main parts are there in the nose?
10
241
What are the ten main parts of the nose?
```
Frontal sinus
Nasal bone
Cartilage
Nasal cavity
Lip muscle
Teeth
Tongue
Tonsil
Sphenoidal sinus
Olfactory bulb
```
242
What is the nasal cavity lined with?
Mucous membranes
243
What have the mucous membranes in the nose got?
Smell receptors connected to the olfactory nerve
244
What are smells made of?
Vapours from various substances
245
How do we smell?
Individual smell receptors interact with particles inhaled into the nasal cavity
These reactions send signals to the brain along the olfactory nerve
The brain interprets these signals as smells
246
What is the function of the vomer nasal organ?
It has not been determined
| It is suspected to interpret pheromones
247
What do pheromones do?
They influence the reproductive system
248
How many types of smells are there?
7
249
What are the seven types of smells?
```
Camphor
Musk
Flower
Mint
Ether
Acrid
Putrid
```
250
Which animal has a stronger sense of smell than a human?
A dog
251
Why does a dog have a better sense of smell?
They have larger olfactory bulbs
