Cardiovascular System Flashcards
1
Q
Why is the cardiovascular system called a double pump system?
A
The blood will enter the heart from the body
Exit the heart into the lungs
Enter the heart from the lungs
Exit the heart and into the body
2
Q
What is your heart?
A
A muscular pump
3
Q
What does the heart do?
A
It provides the force necessary to circulate blood to all the tissues in the body
4
Q
Why do we need a heart?
A
The tissues need a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients, and metabolic waste products have to be removed. The heart circulates these vital things.
5
Q
What happens if your blood does not have these things?
A
Cells soon undergo irreversible changes that lead to death
6
Q
How many litres of blood does an average adult human heart pump every minute?
A
5 litres
7
Q
What are the three main components of the cardiovascular system?
A
The heart
The blood vessels
The blood
8
Q
What are blood vessels?
A
Channels or conduits through which blood is distributed to tissues
9
Q
What are the three main types of blood vessels?
A
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
10
Q
What are arteries?
A
They are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
11
Q
What are veins?
A
They are the blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart
12
Q
What are capillaries?
A
Microscopic vessels that are the medium between veins and arteries, that infiltrate tissues to allow for gaseous and nutrient exchange in cells
13
Q
What is blood?
A
The liquid transport medium which flows in the vessels. It is a type of tissue
14
Q
Why can we say that blood is a type of tissue?
A
It has different specialised cells working together
15
Q
What is plasma?
A
It is a yellowish liquid that contains all blood cells and flows through vessels
16
Q
How thick are capillaries?
A
One cell thick
17
Q
What is the biological term for red blood cells?
A
Erythrocytes
18
Q
What is another term for white blood cells?
A
Leukocyte
19
Q
What is the biological term for platelets?
A
Thrombocytes
20
Q
What is the basic function of red blood cells?
A
They carry oxygen around the body
21
Q
What is the basic function of leukocytes?
A
They assist the immune system and fight foreign bodies
22
Q
What is the basic function of thrombocytes?
A
Assist with blood clotting
23
Q
How may internal chamber of the heart are there?
A
Four
24
Q
What is the heart made up of?
A
Four internal chambers
25
What are the four internal chambers of the heart?
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
26
What does the right atrium do?
It receives deoxygenated blood
27
What does the left atrium do?
It receives oxygenated blood
28
What does the right ventricle do?
It pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs
29
What does the left ventricle do?
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body
30
How big is the heart?
About the size of a man's closed fist
31
How is the heart situated?
In a cavity between the lungs
Behind the chest wall
Two-thirds of the mass lie to the left of the midline (sternum)
32
What is the inferior vena cava?
It is a vein
33
What does the inferior vena cava do?
It carries deoxygenated blood into the heart- via the right atrium- from the lower body
34
What is the superior vena cava?
It is a vein
35
What does the superior vena cava do?
It carries deoxygenated blood into the heart- via the right atrium- from the upper body
36
What is the tricuspid valve?
It is the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
37
What does the tricuspid valve do?
It stops blood from flowing into the right atrium after it has passed into the right ventricle
38
What is the pulmonary valve?
It is the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
39
What does the pulmonary valve do?
It stops blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has passed into the pulmonary artery
40
What is the pulmonary artery?
It is a vessel
41
What does the pulmonary artery do?
It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
42
What is the right pulmonary artery?
It is the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung
43
What is the left pulmonary artery?
It is the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung
44
What are the pulmonary veins?
They are vessels
45
What do the pulmonary veins do?
They carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
46
What do the right pulmonary veins do?
Carry oxygenated blood from the right lung to the left atrium
47
What do the left pulmonary veins do?
They carry oxygenated blood from the left lung to the right atrium
48
What is the mitral valve?
It is the valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle
49
What is another name for the mitral valve?
The bicuspid valve
50
What does the mitral valve do?
It stops the blood from flowing back into the left atrium from the left ventricle
51
What is the aortic valve?
The valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta
52
What does the aortic valve do?
It stops blood from flowing back into the left ventricle from the aorta
53
What is the aorta?
It is a vessel
54
What does the aorta do?
It is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood-from the left ventricle- around the rest of the body
It branches out around the body and into capillaries
55
What are the coronary arteries?
They are vessels
56
What do the coronary arteries do?
They carry oxygenated blood from the aorta to the heart muscle
57
What does the left coronary artery do?
It carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the left side of the heart muscle
58
What does the right coronary artery do?
It carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the right side of the heart muscle
59
What is the septum?
It is the muscle between the left and right chambers of the heart
60
What does the septum do?
It separates the left and right sides of the heart so that oxygenated blood does not mix with deoxygenated blood
61
What is the apex?
It is the "pointy bit" of the heart
62
How is the left ventricle suited to its function?
It has a thicker muscle wall, so that it has enough power to pump blood around the body
63
What is the cardiac muscle?
It is the thick walls of muscle that surround the heart
64
What do the cardiac muscles do?
They contract and relax to push blood out and let it in
65
What does the cardiac muscle need to perform its function?
Nutrients and oxygen
66
Why does the cardiac muscle need oxygen and nutrients?
For cellular respiration
| For energy
67
What will happen if one of the coronary arteries becomes blocked?
The heart muscle will not get the oxygen and nutrients that it needs. The cells of the myocardium will not be able to function properly. These cells could die.These muscles will stop working and the heart will not be able to function. The heart will stop working and the cells of the body will not be able to function because they will no longer be supplied with oxygen. You die.
The blood will flow slower. Oxygen will move slower around the body. Muscles and organs will not receive enough oxygen. A clot could form. Thrombosis could occur. Death
68
What is the myocardium?
Muscle tissue, specifically of the heart
69
Which two are more muscular, the atria or the ventricles?
The ventricles
70
Why is there a difference in thickness of muscle?
The atria only need to receive blood and then pump it into the ventricles, whereas the ventricles need to pump blood either to the lungs or around the body
71
What are the two types of valves?
Cuspid (Atrioventricular)
| Semilunar
72
What is a cuspid valve?
A valve between the atrium and the ventricle
73
What is a semilunar valve?
A valve between a ventricle and an artery
74
What are the cuspid valves?
Mitral
| Tricuspid
75
What are the semilunar valves?
Aortic valve
| Pulmonary valves
76
What happens to the valves when the ventricles contract?
The atrioventricular valves close
77
What happens to the valves when the ventricles relax?
The semilunar valves close
78
What sound does the heart make?
Lub dub
79
What causes the sound of your heart beating?
The valves closing
80
What is the pulmonary circuit?
When the blood flows from the vena cavas thorough the heart and into the lungs
81
What is the systematic circuit?
When blood flows from the lungs through heart and around the body
82
What kind of blood is transported during the pulmonary circuit?
Deoxygenated
83
What kind of blood is transported during the systematic circuit?
Oxygenated blood
84
Present the flow of blood through the heart I a flow diagram
Tricuspid valve->right ventricle->pulmonary valve->pulmonary trunk->left and right pulmonary arteries->left and right lung->capillaries in lungs->left and right pulmonary veins->left atrium->mitral/bicuspid valve->left ventricle->aortic valve->aorta->around the body through branches of the aorta->capillaries in the body->superior and inferior vena cava- >right atrium
85
Where does the aorta get blood from?
The left ventricle
86
Where does the pulmonary artery get blood from?
The right ventricle
87
Where does the superior vena cava get blood from?
The upper body cells
88
Where do the pulmonary veins get blood from?
The lungs
89
Where does the inferior vena cava get blood from?
The lower body cells
90
Where does the aorta send blood to?
All body cells
91
Where does the pulmonary artery send blood to?
The lungs
92
Where does the superior vena cava send blood to?
The right atrium
93
Where does the pulmonary vein send blood to?
The left ventricle
94
Where does the inferior vena cava send blood to?
The right atrium
95
What is the biological term for platelets?
Thrombocytes
96
What is the basic function of red blood cells?
They carry oxygen around the body
97
What is the basic function of leukocytes?
They assist the immune system and fight foreign bodies
98
What is the basic function of thrombocytes?
Assist with blood clotting
99
How may internal chamber of the heart are there?
Four
100
What is the heart made up of?
Four internal chambers
101
What are the four internal chambers of the heart?
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
102
What does the right atrium do?
It receives deoxygenated blood
103
What does the left atrium do?
It receives oxygenated blood
104
What does the right ventricle do?
It pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs
105
What does the left ventricle do?
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body
106
How big is the heart?
About the size of a man's closed fist
107
How is the heart situated?
In a cavity between the lungs
Behind the chest wall
Two-thirds of the mass lie to the left of the midline (sternum)
108
What is the inferior vena cava?
It is a vein
109
What does the inferior vena cava do?
It carries deoxygenated blood into the heart- via the right atrium- from the lower body
110
What is the superior vena cava?
It is a vein
111
What does the superior vena cava do?
It carries deoxygenated blood into the heart- via the right atrium- from the upper body
112
What is the tricuspid valve?
It is the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
113
What does the tricuspid valve do?
It stops blood from flowing into the right atrium after it has passed into the right ventricle
114
What is the pulmonary valve?
It is the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
115
What does the pulmonary valve do?
It stops blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has passed into the pulmonary artery
116
What is the pulmonary artery?
It is a vessel
117
What does the pulmonary artery do?
It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
118
What is the right pulmonary artery?
It is the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung
119
What is the left pulmonary artery?
It is the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung
120
What are the pulmonary veins?
They are vessels
121
What do the pulmonary veins do?
They carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
122
What do the right pulmonary veins do?
Carry oxygenated blood from the right lung to the left atrium
123
What do the left pulmonary veins do?
They carry oxygenated blood from the left lung to the right atrium
124
What is the mitral valve?
It is the valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle
125
What is another name for the mitral valve?
The bicuspid valve
126
What does the mitral valve do?
It stops the blood from flowing back into the left atrium from the left ventricle
127
What is the aortic valve?
The valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta
128
What does the aortic valve do?
It stops blood from flowing back into the left ventricle from the aorta
129
What is the aorta?
It is a vessel
130
What does the aorta do?
It is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood-from the left ventricle- around the rest of the body
It branches out around the body and into capillaries
131
What are the coronary arteries?
They are vessels
132
What do the coronary arteries do?
They carry oxygenated blood from the aorta to the heart muscle
133
What does the left coronary artery do?
It carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the left side of the heart muscle
134
What does the right coronary artery do?
It carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the right side of the heart muscle
135
What is the septum?
It is the muscle between the left and right chambers of the heart
136
What does the septum do?
It separates the left and right sides of the heart so that oxygenated blood does not mix with deoxygenated blood
137
What is the apex?
It is the "pointy bit" of the heart
138
How is the left ventricle suited to its function?
It has a thicker muscle wall, so that it has enough power to pump blood around the body
139
What is the cardiac muscle?
It is the thick walls of muscle that surround the heart
140
What do the cardiac muscles do?
They contract and relax to push blood out and let it in
141
What does the cardiac muscle need to perform its function?
Nutrients and oxygen
142
Why does the cardiac muscle need oxygen and nutrients?
For cellular respiration
| For energy
143
What will happen if one of the coronary arteries becomes blocked?
The heart muscle will not get the oxygen and nutrients that it needs. The cells of the myocardium will not be able to function properly. These cells could die.These muscles will stop working and the heart will not be able to function. The heart will stop working and the cells of the body will not be able to function because they will no longer be supplied with oxygen. You die.
The blood will flow slower. Oxygen will move slower around the body. Muscles and organs will not receive enough oxygen. A clot could form. Thrombosis could occur. Death
144
What is the myocardium?
Muscle tissue, specifically of the heart
145
Which two are more muscular, the atria or the ventricles?
The ventricles
146
Why is there a difference in thickness of muscle?
The atria only need to receive blood and then pump it into the ventricles, whereas the ventricles need to pump blood either to the lungs or around the body
147
What are the two types of valves?
Cuspid (Atrioventricular)
| Semilunar
148
What is a cuspid valve?
A valve between the atrium and the ventricle
149
What is a semilunar valve?
A valve between a ventricle and an artery
150
What are the cuspid valves?
Mitral
| Tricuspid
151
What are the semilunar valves?
Aortic valve
| Pulmonary valves
152
What happens to the valves when the ventricles contract?
The atrioventricular valves close
153
What happens to the valves when the ventricles relax?
The semilunar valves close
154
What sound does the heart make?
Lub dub
155
What causes the sound of your heart beating?
The valves closing
156
What is the pulmonary circuit?
When the blood flows from the vena cavas thorough the heart and into the lungs
157
What is the systematic circuit?
When blood flows from the lungs through heart and around the body
158
What kind of blood is transported during the pulmonary circuit?
Deoxygenated
159
What kind of blood is transported during the systematic circuit?
Oxygenated blood
160
Present the flow of blood through the heart I a flow diagram
Tricuspid valve->right ventricle->pulmonary valve->pulmonary trunk->left and right pulmonary arteries->left and right lung->capillaries in lungs->left and right pulmonary veins->left atrium->mitral/bicuspid valve->left ventricle->aortic valve->aorta->around the body through branches of the aorta->capillaries in the body->superior and inferior vena cava- >right atrium
161
Where does the aorta get blood from?
The left ventricle
162
Where does the pulmonary artery get blood from?
The right ventricle
163
Where does the superior vena cava get blood from?
The upper body cells
164
Where do the pulmonary veins get blood from?
The lungs
165
Where does the inferior vena cava get blood from?
The lower body cells
166
Where does the aorta send blood to?
All body cells
167
Where does the pulmonary artery send blood to?
The lungs
168
Where does the superior vena cava send blood to?
The right atrium
169
Where does the pulmonary vein send blood to?
The left ventricle
170
Where does the inferior vena cava send blood to?
The right atrium
171
What is the definition of heart disease?
Any disease that affects the ability of the heart to perform its function
172
What can heart diseases affect?
The ability of the valves to open and close
| The heart's ability to pump
173
How does oxygenated blood enter the main coronary artery?
From the aorta
174
What is atherosclerosis?
A common disorder of the arteries
175
What happens when a person has atherosclerosis?
Fat, cholesterol and other substances collect in the walls of arteries
176
What are atheromas?
Larger accumulations of fat and cholesterol in the wall of arteries
177
What can atheromas do?
Damage artery walls
| Block blood flow
178
What is a myocardial infarction?
Heart attack
179
Why do damaged heart valves cause health problems?
If a heart valve is damaged, then blood can flow backwards. If blood flows backwards, the pressure is reduced where it needs to be increased. If the pressure is thrown out of balance, the blood flow will be inefficient. If the blood does not have enough pressure to flow around the body, oxygen will not move around the body fast enough. If oxygen does not get to cells and organs, these cells and organs will fail.
180
Why is atherosclerosis dangerous?
Blood will not reach the heart muscle beyond that point
No oxygen or glucose for cellular respiration
So no energy for that part of the heart to function
Muscle dies which results in a heart attack
181
Why is a heart attack bad?
The heart stops working, so the body does not get oxygen
182
What foods should a person avoid to prevent heart attacks?
Fatty foods
| Food that are high in cholesterol
183
Why should they avoid these foods?
To prevent further blockages
184
What can cause a stroke?
A blockage in the aorta
185
What is a stroke?
When the brain does not get enough oxygen
| It stops person will go unconscious
186
What kind of system is the blood circulatory system?
A closed system
187
What is a closed system?
A system that is not open to the outside
188
What do pulmonary arteries do?
Transport deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs
189
What do systemic arteries do?
Transport oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body tissues
190
What are arterioles?
Microscopic arteries
191
Where do arterioles occur?
At the end of arteries' branches
192
What do arterioles do?
They regulate blood flow into the tissue capillaries
193
What are the walls of arteries like?
They are thick and muscular
194
Why are the walls of arteries thick and muscular?
The arteries carry blood at high pressure, so the walls provide support for the vessels
195
What do the walls of arteries do?
They can change the diameter of the vessel to regulate blood flow and blood pressure
196
What is the average volume of blood in the arteries?
About 10% of the total blood volume at any given time
197
How many layers are there in an artery wall?
Three
198
What are the four layers of an artery? (From inside to outside)
Lumen
Inner squamous epithelium
Middle elastic layer
Outer fibrous layer
199
Which are the smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels?
Capillaries
200
How big are capillaries?
One cell thick
201
What do capillaries do?
They form the connection between arteries and veins
202
Where can capillaries be found?
They form a network around tissue cells
203
What is this network of capillaries called?
The capillary bed
| The capillary network
204
What is the primary function of capillaries?
Gaseous and nutrient exchange
205
What is gaseous exchange?
Respiration
206
What is nutrient exchange?
Digestion
207
What changes capillary distribution?
The metabolic activity of body tissues
208
Which tissues are more metabolically active?
Muscles
Liver
Kidneys
209
Why do different tissues have different metabolic activity rates?
Some tissues need more oxygen and more nutrients
210
Which tissues have a less abundant supply of capillaries?
Connective tissue
211
What is the average volume of blood in the systemic capillaries?
About 5% of the total blood volume at any given time
212
What is the average volume of blood in the capillaries in the lungs?
About 10% of the total blood volume at any given time
213
What is a venue?
The tiny vein that collects blood from the capillaries
214
What are other functions of capillaries?
They play a vital role in the exchange of gases, nutrients and metabolic waste products between the blood and the tissue cells
215
How do substances pass through the capillary wall?
By diffusion and osmosis
216
How does deoxygenated blood travel, from the smallest to the largest vessels?
```
Capillaries
Venules
Larger veins
The Vena Cavas
To the heart
```
217
What kind of blood do the pulmonary veins carry?
Oxygenated blood
218
What kind of blood do the systemic veins carry?
Oxygenated blood
219
Why do the systemic veins carry deoxygenated blood?
The oxygen has been used by the mitochondria in cells for cellular respiration
Now the blood is filled with carbon dioxide
220
What kind of layers do veins have?
Very similar to arteries, but there is less smooth muscle and connective tissue
221
Why are the walls of veins thinner than that of arteries?
There is less pressure needed, so the veins do not have to be as thick as arteries
222
How many layers does a vein wall have?
Three
223
What are the four layers of a vein? (From inside to outside)
Lumen
Inner endothelium
Elastic middle coat
Fibrous outer coat
224
What do the thinner walls of veins allow them to do?
It means that they can hold more blood
225
What is the average volume of blood in the veins?
About 70% of the total blood volume at any given time
226
What do medium and large veins have?
Valves
227
Why do veins have valves?
To prevent the back flow of blood
| To keep the blood flowing toward the heart
228
Where are the valves in the veins particularly important?
In the arms and legs, where the pull of gravity is stronger
229
What is the thickness of the veins?
Moderate
230
What is the thickness of the capillaries?
Only ONE cells thick
231
What is the thickness of the arteries?
Thick
232
What is the type of blood that flows through the veins?
Deoxygenated
| EXCEPT for the pulmonary veins
233
What is the type of blood that flows through the capillaries?
Both
| Gaseous exchange
234
What is the type of blood that flows through the arteries?
Oxygenated
235
Do veins have valves present?
Yes
236
Do capillaries have valves present?
No
237
Do arteries have valves present?
Only the aorta as it leaves the heart
238
What is the pressure of blood in the veins?
Low
239
What is the pressure of blood in the capillaries?
Low
240
What is the pressure of blood in the arteries?
High
241
Where do veins lead to?
The heart
242
Where do capillaries lead to?
Arteries and veins
243
Where do arteries lead to?
Body cells
| Lungs
244
What products do veins carry?
Carbon dioxide
| Waste products
245
What products do capillaries carry?
All
| Site of gaseous and nutrient exchange
246
What products do arteries carry?
Oxygen
| Nutrients
247
What is the function of veins?
To move blood to the heart
248
What is the function of capillaries?
Gaseous and nutrient exchange
| Link between veins and arteries
249
What is the function of arteries?
To carry blood to the body cells and lung
250
What is the size of the lumen in veins?
Larger
251
What is the size of the lumen in capillaries?
Microscopic
252
What is the size of the lumen in the arteries?
Smaller
253
Where is the remaining 5% of the total volume of blood?
In the heart
254
What is blood?
The fluid of life
The fluid of growth
The fluid of health
255
Why is blood the fluid of life?
It transports oxygen from the lungs to body tissue and carbon dioxide from body tissue to the lungs
256
Why is blood the fluid of growth?
It transports nourishment (nutrients) from digestion
| It transports growth hormones from glands throughout the body
257
Why is blood the fluid of health?
It transports disease-fighting substances to the tissues and waste to the kidneys
258
Why is blood alive?
It contains living cells
259
What would happen to a human body without blood?
They would die
260
What are red and white blood cells responsible for?
Nourishing and cleansing the body
261
What is whole blood?
The blood that flows through the network of vessels
262
What are the four components of blood?
Plasma
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
263
Out of the four components of blood, which are living?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
264
Where are blood cells manufactured?
In our bone marrow
265
What is bone marrow?
The soft tissue inside our bones where blood cells are manufactured
266
What is plasma?
It is the yellowish fluid that blood cells are suspended in
267
What is plasma made up of?
```
90% water
Nutrients
Proteins
Hormones
Waste products
```
268
What is another name for red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
269
What do red blood cells look like?
Red
| Slightly indented, flattened discs
270
Where is haemoglobin?
In red blood cells
271
What is haemoglobin?
An iron-rich protein
272
How does blood get its red colour?
When haemoglobin picks up oxygen in the lungs
273
What does haemoglobin do?
It releases oxygen to the tissues
274
What type of blood cell is more abundant?
Erythrocytes
275
How long do Erythrocytes live?
About 4 months
276
Why does the body produce new red blood cells?
To replace those that die or are lost from the body
277
What is another name for white blood cells?
Leukocytes
278
What is the primary function of leukocytes?
They are a key part of the body's immune system
| They fight off disease and infection
279
How do leukocytes move?
In and out of the bloodstream to reach affected tissues
280
How many leukocytes does your blood have?
Far fewer than red blood cells
281
What can your body do to fight infection?
It can increase the production of leukocytes
282
How do long do white blood cells live?
Their life spans from a few days to months
283
Where are leukocytes generally formed?
In the yellow bone marrow in the centre of the bone
284
What are the two types of leukocytes?
Phagocytes
| Lymphocyte
285
What are the two types of phagocytes?
Neutrophils
| Monocytes
286
Where are neutrophils formed?
In the bone marrow
287
Where are monocytes formed?
Bone marrow
| Spleen
288
Where are lymphocytes formed?
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
289
What is another name for platelets?
Thrombocytes
290
What do thrombocytes look like?
They are irregularly shaped cell fragments
291
What is the function of platelets?
They help in the clotting process
292
How do thrombocytes work?
When a blood vessel breaks, platelets gather in the area and fibrinogen fibres secreted by the thrombocytes form a "net" to seal off the leak
293
How long do thrombocytes live?
About 9 days
294
What are clotting factors?
Important proteins
Contained in the blood
To help with the clotting process
295
Why do our bodies need clotting factors?
Platelets can seal a leak, but it will not be very strong. The proteins help to form a strong, stable clot
296
Where does clotting occur?
```
In wounds
Cuts
Scratches
Internal bleeding
Surface of our bodies
```
297
How does the process of clotting work?
It is like a puzzle, all the pieces fit together
298
Why do we sometimes need stitches?
If a "puzzle piece" is missing, or the leak is too large, we need stitches or plasters to control bleeding
299
Why is blood essential for good health?
The body depends on a constant supply of fuel and oxygen to reach its billions of cells
300
What does blood carry?
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Oxygen
Nutrients
Clotting factors
Disease fighters
Hormones
Carbon dioxide
Waste products
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301
What is a transfusion?
When blood and some of the things it contains can be given from one person to another
302
What are the different ways that a transfusion can take place?
Whole blood can be given
| Separate components can be given, depending on what the person needs
303
What word can be used to describe erythrocytes?
Biconcave
304
What causes a bruise?
A blood vessels that bursts under the skin
