Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Why is the cardiovascular system called a double pump system?
The blood will enter the heart from the body
Exit the heart into the lungs
Enter the heart from the lungs
Exit the heart and into the body
What is your heart?
A muscular pump
What does the heart do?
It provides the force necessary to circulate blood to all the tissues in the body
Why do we need a heart?
The tissues need a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients, and metabolic waste products have to be removed. The heart circulates these vital things.
What happens if your blood does not have these things?
Cells soon undergo irreversible changes that lead to death
How many litres of blood does an average adult human heart pump every minute?
5 litres
What are the three main components of the cardiovascular system?
The heart
The blood vessels
The blood
What are blood vessels?
Channels or conduits through which blood is distributed to tissues
What are the three main types of blood vessels?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
What are arteries?
They are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
What are veins?
They are the blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart
What are capillaries?
Microscopic vessels that are the medium between veins and arteries, that infiltrate tissues to allow for gaseous and nutrient exchange in cells
What is blood?
The liquid transport medium which flows in the vessels. It is a type of tissue
Why can we say that blood is a type of tissue?
It has different specialised cells working together
What is plasma?
It is a yellowish liquid that contains all blood cells and flows through vessels
How thick are capillaries?
One cell thick
What is the biological term for red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
What is another term for white blood cells?
Leukocyte
What is the biological term for platelets?
Thrombocytes
What is the basic function of red blood cells?
They carry oxygen around the body
What is the basic function of leukocytes?
They assist the immune system and fight foreign bodies
What is the basic function of thrombocytes?
Assist with blood clotting
How may internal chamber of the heart are there?
Four
What is the heart made up of?
Four internal chambers
What are the four internal chambers of the heart?
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
What does the right atrium do?
It receives deoxygenated blood
What does the left atrium do?
It receives oxygenated blood
What does the right ventricle do?
It pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs
What does the left ventricle do?
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body
How big is the heart?
About the size of a man’s closed fist
How is the heart situated?
In a cavity between the lungs
Behind the chest wall
Two-thirds of the mass lie to the left of the midline (sternum)
What is the inferior vena cava?
It is a vein
What does the inferior vena cava do?
It carries deoxygenated blood into the heart- via the right atrium- from the lower body
What is the superior vena cava?
It is a vein
What does the superior vena cava do?
It carries deoxygenated blood into the heart- via the right atrium- from the upper body
What is the tricuspid valve?
It is the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
What does the tricuspid valve do?
It stops blood from flowing into the right atrium after it has passed into the right ventricle
What is the pulmonary valve?
It is the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
What does the pulmonary valve do?
It stops blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has passed into the pulmonary artery
What is the pulmonary artery?
It is a vessel
What does the pulmonary artery do?
It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
What is the right pulmonary artery?
It is the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung
What is the left pulmonary artery?
It is the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung
What are the pulmonary veins?
They are vessels
What do the pulmonary veins do?
They carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
What do the right pulmonary veins do?
Carry oxygenated blood from the right lung to the left atrium
What do the left pulmonary veins do?
They carry oxygenated blood from the left lung to the right atrium
What is the mitral valve?
It is the valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle
What is another name for the mitral valve?
The bicuspid valve
What does the mitral valve do?
It stops the blood from flowing back into the left atrium from the left ventricle
What is the aortic valve?
The valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta
What does the aortic valve do?
It stops blood from flowing back into the left ventricle from the aorta
What is the aorta?
It is a vessel
What does the aorta do?
It is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood-from the left ventricle- around the rest of the body
It branches out around the body and into capillaries
What are the coronary arteries?
They are vessels
What do the coronary arteries do?
They carry oxygenated blood from the aorta to the heart muscle
What does the left coronary artery do?
It carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the left side of the heart muscle
What does the right coronary artery do?
It carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the right side of the heart muscle
What is the septum?
It is the muscle between the left and right chambers of the heart
What does the septum do?
It separates the left and right sides of the heart so that oxygenated blood does not mix with deoxygenated blood
What is the apex?
It is the “pointy bit” of the heart
How is the left ventricle suited to its function?
It has a thicker muscle wall, so that it has enough power to pump blood around the body
What is the cardiac muscle?
It is the thick walls of muscle that surround the heart
What do the cardiac muscles do?
They contract and relax to push blood out and let it in
What does the cardiac muscle need to perform its function?
Nutrients and oxygen
Why does the cardiac muscle need oxygen and nutrients?
For cellular respiration
For energy
What will happen if one of the coronary arteries becomes blocked?
The heart muscle will not get the oxygen and nutrients that it needs. The cells of the myocardium will not be able to function properly. These cells could die.These muscles will stop working and the heart will not be able to function. The heart will stop working and the cells of the body will not be able to function because they will no longer be supplied with oxygen. You die.
The blood will flow slower. Oxygen will move slower around the body. Muscles and organs will not receive enough oxygen. A clot could form. Thrombosis could occur. Death
What is the myocardium?
Muscle tissue, specifically of the heart
Which two are more muscular, the atria or the ventricles?
The ventricles
Why is there a difference in thickness of muscle?
The atria only need to receive blood and then pump it into the ventricles, whereas the ventricles need to pump blood either to the lungs or around the body
What are the two types of valves?
Cuspid (Atrioventricular)
Semilunar
What is a cuspid valve?
A valve between the atrium and the ventricle
What is a semilunar valve?
A valve between a ventricle and an artery
What are the cuspid valves?
Mitral
Tricuspid
What are the semilunar valves?
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valves
What happens to the valves when the ventricles contract?
The atrioventricular valves close
What happens to the valves when the ventricles relax?
The semilunar valves close
What sound does the heart make?
Lub dub
What causes the sound of your heart beating?
The valves closing
What is the pulmonary circuit?
When the blood flows from the vena cavas thorough the heart and into the lungs
What is the systematic circuit?
When blood flows from the lungs through heart and around the body
What kind of blood is transported during the pulmonary circuit?
Deoxygenated
What kind of blood is transported during the systematic circuit?
Oxygenated blood
Present the flow of blood through the heart I a flow diagram
Tricuspid valve->right ventricle->pulmonary valve->pulmonary trunk->left and right pulmonary arteries->left and right lung->capillaries in lungs->left and right pulmonary veins->left atrium->mitral/bicuspid valve->left ventricle->aortic valve->aorta->around the body through branches of the aorta->capillaries in the body->superior and inferior vena cava- >right atrium
Where does the aorta get blood from?
The left ventricle
Where does the pulmonary artery get blood from?
The right ventricle
Where does the superior vena cava get blood from?
The upper body cells
Where do the pulmonary veins get blood from?
The lungs
Where does the inferior vena cava get blood from?
The lower body cells
Where does the aorta send blood to?
All body cells
Where does the pulmonary artery send blood to?
The lungs
Where does the superior vena cava send blood to?
The right atrium
Where does the pulmonary vein send blood to?
The left ventricle
Where does the inferior vena cava send blood to?
The right atrium
What is the biological term for platelets?
Thrombocytes
What is the basic function of red blood cells?
They carry oxygen around the body
What is the basic function of leukocytes?
They assist the immune system and fight foreign bodies
What is the basic function of thrombocytes?
Assist with blood clotting
How may internal chamber of the heart are there?
Four
What is the heart made up of?
Four internal chambers
What are the four internal chambers of the heart?
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
What does the right atrium do?
It receives deoxygenated blood
What does the left atrium do?
It receives oxygenated blood
What does the right ventricle do?
It pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs
What does the left ventricle do?
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body
How big is the heart?
About the size of a man’s closed fist
How is the heart situated?
In a cavity between the lungs
Behind the chest wall
Two-thirds of the mass lie to the left of the midline (sternum)
What is the inferior vena cava?
It is a vein
What does the inferior vena cava do?
It carries deoxygenated blood into the heart- via the right atrium- from the lower body
What is the superior vena cava?
It is a vein
What does the superior vena cava do?
It carries deoxygenated blood into the heart- via the right atrium- from the upper body
What is the tricuspid valve?
It is the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
What does the tricuspid valve do?
It stops blood from flowing into the right atrium after it has passed into the right ventricle
What is the pulmonary valve?
It is the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
What does the pulmonary valve do?
It stops blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has passed into the pulmonary artery
What is the pulmonary artery?
It is a vessel
What does the pulmonary artery do?
It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
What is the right pulmonary artery?
It is the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung
What is the left pulmonary artery?
It is the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung
What are the pulmonary veins?
They are vessels
What do the pulmonary veins do?
They carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium