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Biology grade 11 > The respiratory system > Flashcards

The respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we need oxygen

A

Needed to get energy from food through aerobic cellular respiration

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2
Q

Explain what happens during aerobic cellular respiration

A

Energy is released in the cell when glucose and oxygen react to make carbon dioxide and water

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3
Q

How is this energy stored in our body

A

as ATP

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4
Q

What is gas exchange

A

Oxygen diffuses into body cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the body cells

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5
Q

What are the two places gas exchange happens

A
  1. The lungs
  2. The body cells
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6
Q

How does gas exchange happen in the lungs

A

Oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from blood to the lungs and back into the air

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7
Q

How does gas exchange happen in the body cells

A

Oxygen diffuses from the blood into the cells and carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells back into the blood

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8
Q

What is ventilation

A

Process of moving oxygen rich air into the lungs and carbon dioxide rich air out of the lungs

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9
Q

What is ventilation also known as

A

Breathing

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10
Q

How many features does the respiratory system have to help it function

A

4

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11
Q

What are the 4 features our respiratory system has to help it function

A
  1. Thin permeable respiratory membrane where diffusion happens
  2. Large surface area
  3. Good supply of blood
  4. Breathing system to bring oxygen rich air to the respiratory membrane
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12
Q

If we are looking at the front view of someone INFRONT of us, are our right and left sides the same or different

A

different, it is on opposite sides

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13
Q

What is the nose and what does it do

A

-Has tiny hairs to trap dust particles
-Covered with mucus membranes to keep air warm and moist
-Have ciliated cells to move mucus to pharynx

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14
Q

What does the mouth do for the respiratory system

A

Warms the air

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15
Q

What does the pharynx do for the respiratory system

A

Connects nose to mouth

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16
Q

What does the epiglottis do for the respiratory system

A

-Closes trachea when swalowing so no choking
-Open when breathing

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17
Q

What is the larynx and what does it do for the respiratory system

A

-The voice box
-Vocal cords vibrate to make noise when exhaling

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18
Q

What is the trachea and what does it do for the respiratory system

A

-Lets air into the bronchi
-Made of cartilage so it doesnt collapse
-Trachea walls have mucus and cilia to protect from other materials
-Divides into 2 bronchi

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19
Q

What are the bronchi and what does it do for the respiratory system

A

-Passage of air to lungs
-Branch into bronchioles

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20
Q

What do the bronchioles do for the respiratory system

A

Pass air to the alveoli

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21
Q

What are alveoli and what do they do for the respiratory system

A

-Where gas exchange happens
-1 cell thick
-Capillaries for diffusion of O2 and CO2
-lined with lipoprotein so it doesnt collapse

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22
Q

What two muscles do we use to breath

A

Intercostal muscles and diaphragm

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23
Q

What is the intercostal muscle and what does it do to help us breath

A

-Muscle of the rib cage
-expand and contract the ribcage

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24
Q

What is the diaphragm and what does it do to help us breath

A

-A thin muscle seperating the lungs from stomach and liver
-Expand and contract the chest cavity

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25
Q

Which is greater: Oxygen in inhaled air or oxygen in blood

A

Oxygen in inhaled air

26
Q

Which is greater: Carbon dioxide in air or carbon dioxide in blood

A

Carbon dioxide in blood

27
Q

T or F: Air flows from high-low pressure

A

True

28
Q

If air flows from HIGH to LOW pressure, oxygen diffuses from what to what?

A

From air to blood

29
Q

If air flows from HIGH to LOW pressure, carbon dioxide diffuses from what to what

A

From blood to air

30
Q

Explain what happens when we inhale

A

-Intercostal muscles contract
-Diaghragm contracts and moves down
-Lungs expand outwards
-Volume of chest cavity increases
-Air pressure decreases in cavity
-Air pressure in lung is less than outside
-Air enters lungs

31
Q

Explain what happens when we exhale

A

-Intercostal muscles relax
-Diaphragm relaxes and moves up
-Lungs move inwards
-Volume of chest cavity decreases
-Air pressure increases
-Air pressure in lungs is more than outside
-Air is released from lungs

32
Q

The greater the difference between high to low pressure, the __________ the rate of difussion

A

faster

33
Q

How is oxygen carried through our blood stream

A

Hemoglobin and dissolved in plasma

34
Q

how does oxygen get to the body cells

A

When air is breathed in, oxygen flows to the blood and is delivered to body cells through hemoglobin

35
Q

How is carbon dioxide removed from the body cells

A

CO2 goes into blood, when exhaling it goes from blood to the alveoli

36
Q

How do we transport carbon dioxide

A

Mostly by the CO2 reacting with the water in blood to make carbonic acid, making hydrogen and bicarbonate.

37
Q

What is hypoxia

A

Altitude sickness

38
Q

Why is it harder to breath at high altitudes than low altitudes

A

At high altitudes there is less total air and less oxygen to breath

39
Q

What is our bodies response to high altitude breathing

A

-Increase breathing rate
-Make more red blood cells through EPO
-Short boost in physical endurance when return to low altitude

40
Q

What are the genetic differences between people who are born/live in high altitudes compared to people in low altitudes

A

-High altitude people have more alveoli
-More lung capillaries

41
Q

Why is high altitude breathing sometimes a good thing

A

-Good for athletes when training to improve performance

42
Q

What happens to the rate of our breathing when we do physical activity?

A

Our breathing rate increases

43
Q

Why does our breathing rate increase when doing physical activity? Explain the process

A

-physical activity makes our bodies make more CO2
-When we have more CO2 we need to get rid of it, so extra CO2 is sent to the medula oblongata
-Medula oblongata sends signals to increase breathing and inhale more
-Heart rate also increases so O2 can get to cells and CO2 can be removed

44
Q

What is the medula oblongata

A

Part of the brain that sends signals to body

45
Q

What in the blood vessels detect when oxygen drops below a specific number

A

Chemoreceptors

46
Q

When chemoreceptors detect dropped oxygen levels, what does it do

A

It tells the medula oblongata to increase breathing

47
Q

What in the alveoli detect deep inhalation

A

Stretch receptors

48
Q

What do stretch receptors do when they detect deep inhalation

A

Tell the medula oblongata to stop inhaling

49
Q

What organs does the upper respiratory tract disorders involve

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx

50
Q

what respiratory disorder is it when there are red and swollen tonsils

A

tonsilitis

51
Q

what respiratory disorder is it when you lose your voice

A

laryngitis

52
Q

what respiratory disorder is it when there is inflammation and fluid build up in one or both lungs

A

pneumonia

53
Q

What are the two types of pneumonia and explain what they are

A
  1. Lobular pneumonia- Only one lobe of the lungs is infected
  2. Bronchial pneumonia- Patches in both lungs have infections around the brochi and bronchioles
54
Q

what respiratory disorder is it when the brochi become red, inflamed and filled with mucus

A

Bronchitis

55
Q

What are the two types of bronchitis and explain them

A
  1. Acute bronchitis- Caused by bacteria infection, there is cure
  2. Chronic bronchitis- Long term caused by the destruction of cilia in the bronchi due to regular smoking or harsh chemicals
56
Q

what respiratory disorder is it when the airways become narrow and airflow is reduced

A

Asthma

57
Q

what respiratory disorder is it when it is harder for lungs to expel air

A

Emphysema

58
Q

what respiratory disorder is it when it is a genetic disease that causes thick mucus build up resulting in damage

A

Cystic Fibrosis

59
Q

what respiratory disorder is it when there is uncontrolled cell growth and division in the lungs making a tumour

A

Lung cancer

60
Q

What is a possible treatment for lung cancer

A

Pneumonectomy

Biology grade 11 (15 decks)

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