The respiratory system

Question 1

Why do we need oxygen

Answer 1

Needed to get energy from food through aerobic cellular respiration

Question 2

Explain what happens during aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 2

Energy is released in the cell when glucose and oxygen react to make carbon dioxide and water

Question 3

How is this energy stored in our body

Answer 3

as ATP

Question 4

What is gas exchange

Answer 4

Oxygen diffuses into body cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the body cells

Question 5

What are the two places gas exchange happens

Answer 5

1. The lungs
2. The body cells

Question 6

How does gas exchange happen in the lungs

Answer 6

Oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from blood to the lungs and back into the air

Question 7

How does gas exchange happen in the body cells

Answer 7

Oxygen diffuses from the blood into the cells and carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells back into the blood

Question 8

What is ventilation

Answer 8

Process of moving oxygen rich air into the lungs and carbon dioxide rich air out of the lungs

Question 9

What is ventilation also known as

Answer 9

Breathing

Question 10

How many features does the respiratory system have to help it function

Answer 10

4

Question 11

What are the 4 features our respiratory system has to help it function

Answer 11

1. Thin permeable respiratory membrane where diffusion happens
2. Large surface area
3. Good supply of blood
4. Breathing system to bring oxygen rich air to the respiratory membrane

Question 12

If we are looking at the front view of someone INFRONT of us, are our right and left sides the same or different

Answer 12

different, it is on opposite sides

Question 13

What is the nose and what does it do

Answer 13

-Has tiny hairs to trap dust particles
-Covered with mucus membranes to keep air warm and moist
-Have ciliated cells to move mucus to pharynx

Question 14

What does the mouth do for the respiratory system

Answer 14

Warms the air

Question 15

What does the pharynx do for the respiratory system

Answer 15

Connects nose to mouth

Question 16

What does the epiglottis do for the respiratory system

Answer 16

-Closes trachea when swalowing so no choking
-Open when breathing

Question 17

What is the larynx and what does it do for the respiratory system

Answer 17

-The voice box
-Vocal cords vibrate to make noise when exhaling

Question 18

What is the trachea and what does it do for the respiratory system

Answer 18

-Lets air into the bronchi
-Made of cartilage so it doesnt collapse
-Trachea walls have mucus and cilia to protect from other materials
-Divides into 2 bronchi

Question 19

What are the bronchi and what does it do for the respiratory system

Answer 19

-Passage of air to lungs
-Branch into bronchioles

Question 20

What do the bronchioles do for the respiratory system

Answer 20

Pass air to the alveoli

Question 21

What are alveoli and what do they do for the respiratory system

Answer 21

-Where gas exchange happens
-1 cell thick
-Capillaries for diffusion of O2 and CO2
-lined with lipoprotein so it doesnt collapse

Question 22

What two muscles do we use to breath

Answer 22

Intercostal muscles and diaphragm

Question 23

What is the intercostal muscle and what does it do to help us breath

Answer 23

-Muscle of the rib cage
-expand and contract the ribcage

Question 24

What is the diaphragm and what does it do to help us breath

Answer 24

-A thin muscle seperating the lungs from stomach and liver
-Expand and contract the chest cavity

Question 25

Which is greater: Oxygen in inhaled air or oxygen in blood

Answer 25

Oxygen in inhaled air

Question 26

Which is greater: Carbon dioxide in air or carbon dioxide in blood

Answer 26

Carbon dioxide in blood

Question 27

T or F: Air flows from high-low pressure

Answer 27

True

Question 28

If air flows from HIGH to LOW pressure, oxygen diffuses from what to what?

Answer 28

From air to blood

Question 29

If air flows from HIGH to LOW pressure, carbon dioxide diffuses from what to what

Answer 29

From blood to air

Question 30

Explain what happens when we inhale

Answer 30

-Intercostal muscles contract -Diaghragm contracts and moves down -Lungs expand outwards -Volume of chest cavity increases -Air pressure decreases in cavity -Air pressure in lung is less than outside -Air enters lungs

Question 31

Explain what happens when we exhale

Answer 31

-Intercostal muscles relax -Diaphragm relaxes and moves up -Lungs move inwards -Volume of chest cavity decreases -Air pressure increases -Air pressure in lungs is more than outside -Air is released from lungs

Question 32

The greater the difference between high to low pressure, the __________ the rate of difussion

Answer 32

faster

Question 33

How is oxygen carried through our blood stream

Answer 33

Hemoglobin and dissolved in plasma

Question 34

how does oxygen get to the body cells

Answer 34

When air is breathed in, oxygen flows to the blood and is delivered to body cells through hemoglobin

Question 35

How is carbon dioxide removed from the body cells

Answer 35

CO2 goes into blood, when exhaling it goes from blood to the alveoli

Question 36

How do we transport carbon dioxide

Answer 36

Mostly by the CO2 reacting with the water in blood to make carbonic acid, making hydrogen and bicarbonate.

Question 37

What is hypoxia

Answer 37

Altitude sickness

Question 38

Why is it harder to breath at high altitudes than low altitudes

Answer 38

At high altitudes there is less total air and less oxygen to breath

Question 39

What is our bodies response to high altitude breathing

Answer 39

-Increase breathing rate -Make more red blood cells through EPO -Short boost in physical endurance when return to low altitude

Question 40

What are the genetic differences between people who are born/live in high altitudes compared to people in low altitudes

Answer 40

-High altitude people have more alveoli -More lung capillaries

Question 41

Why is high altitude breathing sometimes a good thing

Answer 41

-Good for athletes when training to improve performance

Question 42

What happens to the rate of our breathing when we do physical activity?

Answer 42

Our breathing rate increases

Question 43

Why does our breathing rate increase when doing physical activity? Explain the process

Answer 43

-physical activity makes our bodies make more CO2 -When we have more CO2 we need to get rid of it, so extra CO2 is sent to the medula oblongata -Medula oblongata sends signals to increase breathing and inhale more -Heart rate also increases so O2 can get to cells and CO2 can be removed

Question 44

What is the medula oblongata

Answer 44

Part of the brain that sends signals to body

Question 45

What in the blood vessels detect when oxygen drops below a specific number

Answer 45

Chemoreceptors

Question 46

When chemoreceptors detect dropped oxygen levels, what does it do

Answer 46

It tells the medula oblongata to increase breathing

Question 47

What in the alveoli detect deep inhalation

Answer 47

Stretch receptors

Question 48

What do stretch receptors do when they detect deep inhalation

Answer 48

Tell the medula oblongata to stop inhaling

Question 49

What organs does the upper respiratory tract disorders involve

Answer 49

Nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx

Question 50

what respiratory disorder is it when there are red and swollen tonsils

Answer 50

tonsilitis

Question 51

what respiratory disorder is it when you lose your voice

Answer 51

laryngitis

Question 52

what respiratory disorder is it when there is inflammation and fluid build up in one or both lungs

Answer 52

pneumonia

Question 53

What are the two types of pneumonia and explain what they are

Answer 53

1. Lobular pneumonia- Only one lobe of the lungs is infected 2. Bronchial pneumonia- Patches in both lungs have infections around the brochi and bronchioles

Question 54

what respiratory disorder is it when the brochi become red, inflamed and filled with mucus

Answer 54

Bronchitis

Question 55

What are the two types of bronchitis and explain them

Answer 55

1. Acute bronchitis- Caused by bacteria infection, there is cure 2. Chronic bronchitis- Long term caused by the destruction of cilia in the bronchi due to regular smoking or harsh chemicals

Question 56

what respiratory disorder is it when the airways become narrow and airflow is reduced

Answer 56

Asthma

Question 57

what respiratory disorder is it when it is harder for lungs to expel air

Answer 57

Emphysema

Question 58

what respiratory disorder is it when it is a genetic disease that causes thick mucus build up resulting in damage

Answer 58

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 59

what respiratory disorder is it when there is uncontrolled cell growth and division in the lungs making a tumour

Answer 59

Lung cancer

Question 60

What is a possible treatment for lung cancer

Answer 60

Pneumonectomy