Mitosis Flashcards
What is mitosis
Cell division of somatic cells
What is genetics
The study of heredity and variation
What do organisms store genetic material in
Chromosomes
How many chromosomes do humans have
46
What is a locus
A specific location where a gene is
Where are chromosomes found in eukaryotes
In the nucleus
What is the difference between diploid and haploid
Diploid is 2 sets of chromosomes (46)
Haploid is half the normal number (23)
What are polypoids
When cells of some organisms have 3+ copies of chromosomes
Explain asexual reproduction
Production from a single parent, genetically identicle to parent
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction
-Do not need a mate
-Identicle offspring
What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction
-No genetic diversity, so offspring may not survive in environmental changes
Explain sexual reproduction
Production from the fusion of 2 sex cells, different from its parents
What are the advantages of sexual reproduction
-Genetic diversity
-Individuals can adapt and survive in environmental changes
What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction
-More effort to find mate
-Attracting a mate can attract predators
What is the cell cycle consisted of
Interphase, mitosis, and cytokenesis
during interphase, the chromosomes exist as ________
Chromatin
What is chromatin
Invisible stringy mass
Explain what happens in interphase
-Cell not divididing
-Chromosomes are not visible, are chromatin
-DNA replication happens during S phase, pairs of sister chromatids attach at centromere
Explain what happens in prophase
-Chromosomes shorten and thicken
-Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell for spindle fibres to attach
-Nuclear membrane disappears
Explain what happens in metaphase
Spindle fibres attach to centromeres and sister chromatids line up in the middle
Explain what happens in anaphase
Sister chromatids, now daughter chromosomes move to opposite ends
What happens in telophase
-Chromosomes go to opposite ends and lengthen
-Spindle fibres dissolve
-Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromatin
-2 daughter nuclei present
What happens during cytokenisis in animals
-Cleavage furrow develops
-Cell splits into two
What happens during cytokenisis in plant cells
Cell plates form into a new cell wall