Mitosis Flashcards
What is mitosis
Cell division of somatic cells
What is genetics
The study of heredity and variation
What do organisms store genetic material in
Chromosomes
How many chromosomes do humans have
46
What is a locus
A specific location where a gene is
Where are chromosomes found in eukaryotes
In the nucleus
What is the difference between diploid and haploid
Diploid is 2 sets of chromosomes (46)
Haploid is half the normal number (23)
What are polypoids
When cells of some organisms have 3+ copies of chromosomes
Explain asexual reproduction
Production from a single parent, genetically identicle to parent
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction
-Do not need a mate
-Identicle offspring
What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction
-No genetic diversity, so offspring may not survive in environmental changes
Explain sexual reproduction
Production from the fusion of 2 sex cells, different from its parents
What are the advantages of sexual reproduction
-Genetic diversity
-Individuals can adapt and survive in environmental changes
What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction
-More effort to find mate
-Attracting a mate can attract predators
What is the cell cycle consisted of
Interphase, mitosis, and cytokenesis
during interphase, the chromosomes exist as ________
Chromatin
What is chromatin
Invisible stringy mass
Explain what happens in interphase
-Cell not divididing
-Chromosomes are not visible, are chromatin
-DNA replication happens during S phase, pairs of sister chromatids attach at centromere
Explain what happens in prophase
-Chromosomes shorten and thicken
-Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell for spindle fibres to attach
-Nuclear membrane disappears
Explain what happens in metaphase
Spindle fibres attach to centromeres and sister chromatids line up in the middle
Explain what happens in anaphase
Sister chromatids, now daughter chromosomes move to opposite ends
What happens in telophase
-Chromosomes go to opposite ends and lengthen
-Spindle fibres dissolve
-Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromatin
-2 daughter nuclei present
What happens during cytokenisis in animals
-Cleavage furrow develops
-Cell splits into two
What happens during cytokenisis in plant cells
Cell plates form into a new cell wall
Chromosomes move to the middle of the spindle during what phase
Metaphase
During which phase do chromosomes first become visible
Prophase
In what phase does cell growth occur
Interphase
In what phase does DNA synthesis occur
Interphase
In what phase is mitochondria and other organelles made
Interphase
What is the main difference between cytokenesis in plants and animals
In animals, the cell splits into two because of cleavage furrow and in plants it does not
What is the main purpose of mitosis
Duplicate cells and replace dead cells
Mitosis is part of what cycle
Cell cycle
What type of cells undergo mitosis? Sex cells or somatic cells
Somatic cells
How does a daughter cell compare to the parent cell after mitosis
It is identicle to the parent
Does mitosis make haploid or diploid cells
Diploid
What n value are the cells that are made by mitosis
-n
-2n
-4n
2n
