Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is mitosis

A

Cell division of somatic cells

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2
Q

What is genetics

A

The study of heredity and variation

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3
Q

What do organisms store genetic material in

A

Chromosomes

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4
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have

A

46

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5
Q

What is a locus

A

A specific location where a gene is

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6
Q

Where are chromosomes found in eukaryotes

A

In the nucleus

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7
Q

What is the difference between diploid and haploid

A

Diploid is 2 sets of chromosomes (46)
Haploid is half the normal number (23)

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8
Q

What are polypoids

A

When cells of some organisms have 3+ copies of chromosomes

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9
Q

Explain asexual reproduction

A

Production from a single parent, genetically identicle to parent

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10
Q

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction

A

-Do not need a mate
-Identicle offspring

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11
Q

What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction

A

-No genetic diversity, so offspring may not survive in environmental changes

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12
Q

Explain sexual reproduction

A

Production from the fusion of 2 sex cells, different from its parents

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13
Q

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction

A

-Genetic diversity
-Individuals can adapt and survive in environmental changes

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction

A

-More effort to find mate
-Attracting a mate can attract predators

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15
Q

What is the cell cycle consisted of

A

Interphase, mitosis, and cytokenesis

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16
Q

during interphase, the chromosomes exist as ________

17
Q

What is chromatin

A

Invisible stringy mass

18
Q

Explain what happens in interphase

A

-Cell not divididing
-Chromosomes are not visible, are chromatin
-DNA replication happens during S phase, pairs of sister chromatids attach at centromere

19
Q

Explain what happens in prophase

A

-Chromosomes shorten and thicken
-Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell for spindle fibres to attach
-Nuclear membrane disappears

20
Q

Explain what happens in metaphase

A

Spindle fibres attach to centromeres and sister chromatids line up in the middle

21
Q

Explain what happens in anaphase

A

Sister chromatids, now daughter chromosomes move to opposite ends

22
Q

What happens in telophase

A

-Chromosomes go to opposite ends and lengthen
-Spindle fibres dissolve
-Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromatin
-2 daughter nuclei present

23
Q

What happens during cytokenisis in animals

A

-Cleavage furrow develops
-Cell splits into two

24
Q

What happens during cytokenisis in plant cells

A

Cell plates form into a new cell wall

25
Chromosomes move to the middle of the spindle during what phase
Metaphase
26
During which phase do chromosomes first become visible
Prophase
27
In what phase does cell growth occur
Interphase
28
In what phase does DNA synthesis occur
Interphase
29
In what phase is mitochondria and other organelles made
Interphase
30
What is the main difference between cytokenesis in plants and animals
In animals, the cell splits into two because of cleavage furrow and in plants it does not
31
What is the main purpose of mitosis
Duplicate cells and replace dead cells
32
Mitosis is part of what cycle
Cell cycle
33
What type of cells undergo mitosis? Sex cells or somatic cells
Somatic cells
34
How does a daughter cell compare to the parent cell after mitosis
It is identicle to the parent
35
Does mitosis make haploid or diploid cells
Diploid
36
What n value are the cells that are made by mitosis -n -2n -4n
2n