Circulatory system Flashcards by C Unknown

Do unicellular organisms need a circulatory system? Why or why not

No because they have one cell so it is always in constant contact with their outside environment

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What are the 4 functions of a circulatory system

-Helps deliver nutrients and oxygen to every cell
-Helps remove waste products from cellular processes
-pathway for immune system
-Control body temperature

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What are the important organs/features needed for a circulatory system

-A fluid that transports materials (Blood)
-A pump that pushes fluid through the tubes (Heart)
-A network of tubes where the fluid circulates (Blood vessels)

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What are the 2 types of circulatory systems

Open and closed circulatory systems

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Which circulatory system do humans have

Closed circulatory system

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Which animals have an open circulatory system

Invertebrates

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What happens in an open circulatory system

Blood does not stay in blood vessels so the organisms need to move to move the blood around

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Give an example of an organism with an open circulatory system

Crabs

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What happens in a closed circulatory system

Blood is contained in blood vessels and transported in one direction throughout the body

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Give an example of an organism with closed circulatory system

Humans

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How many types of circulation are there

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Name the 3 types of circulation

Complete, single circulation
Incomplete, double circulation
Complete, double circulation

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Describe complete, single circulation

-2 chambered heart
-Complete because oxygenated and deoxygenated blood dont mix
-Single circulation because blood moves through heart once

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Name an organism that has complete, single circulation

Fish

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Describe Incomplete, double circulation

-3 chambered heart
-Incomplete because oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix
-Double circulation because blood is carried through the heart twice
-This is a bad circulatory system

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Name a specific organism that has Incomplete, double circulation and why only they can

Frogs, they can have a bad circulatory system because they breath through their skin

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Describe complete, double circulation

-Four chambered heart
-Complete because oxygenated and deoxygenated blood dont mix
-Double circulation because blood is carried through heart twice

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Name a specific organism with complete, double circulation

humans

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T or F: In addition to the 4 chambered heart, mammals have a 3 circuit circulatory system

False! They have a 2 circuit circulatory system

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What are the 2 circuits involved in humans circulatory system

Pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit

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What is the pulmonary circuit in humans circulatory systems responsible for

Circulating blood to the lungs for gas exchange

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What is the systemic circuit in humans circulatory systems responsible for

Circulating blood around the body to deliver oxygen, nutrients and pick up CO2

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How many L of blood do humans have

4-5L

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What is blood made up of

Plasma and cellular component

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What are the functions of blood

1. Regulating body temperature 2. Protects from diseases 3. Transporting nutrients

What is plasma made up of

-%90 water -Glucose, oxygen, vitamins, minerals and waste -Dissolved ions -Proteins (Albumins, globulins, fibrinogens)

State what all the proteins in plasma are in charge of doing

Albumins: Determines how much water leaves and enters the cell Globulins: Transport fats, fat soluble vitamins and cholestrol Fibrinogens: Blood clotting

What is the cell component inside

-Red blood cells -White blood cells -Platelets

What are red blood cells called

Erythrocytes

What protein do erythrocytes carry that is very important for survival

Hemoglobin

What are red blood cells main job

To carry oxygen from lungs to body and carry CO2 from body to lungs

Where are erythrocytes formed

In bone marrow

What is the lifespan of erythrocytes

About 120 days

What are white blood cells called

Leukocytes

What is the main job of leukocytes

Fighting pathogens

Do leukocytes increase or decrease in number when sick

Increase

Where are leukocytes formed and what do they have that the rest of the cell components dont

-Formed in bone marrow -They have a nucleus

What is the main job of platelets

Blood clotting

How do platelets clot blood

When blood vessels break, platelets stick to fibres and seal the hole in the blood vessel

How do we count blood cells

Using a machine called hemocytometer

Why is a hemocytometer important

It helps us find potential disorders by estimating the amount of cell components

What is an example of a disorder a hemocytometer can help determine, explain the disorder

Anemia: There is low erythrocyte count

What does the colour red on heart diagram mean

Oxygenated blood

What does blue on heart diagram mean

De-oxygenated blood

What is a septum

A wall of muscle seperating both sides of the heart

What are the atria

-At the top of the heart -Pump blood to the ventricles

What are the ventricles

-At the bottom of the heart -Right ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit -Left ventricle pumps blood to the systemic circuit

T or F: Aorta is the biggest blood vessel

True

T or F: Left side of the heart is the strongest

True

What is the pericardium

Surrounds the heart to protect it from friction

Why are the ventricle muscles thicker than the atria muscles

The ventricles pump blood to bigger distances than the atria, more pressure

What do the coronary blood vessels do

Transport blood to the heart

What is the right side of the heart responsible for

De-oxygenated blood

What is the left side of the heart responsible for

Oxygenated blood

At rest how much blood can the heart pump

5L /min

At max how much blood can the heart pump

25L /min

Say all the steps of circulation

1. Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium through inferior and superior vena cava 2. Right atrium contracts and blood goes to right ventricle 3. Right ventricle contracts and blood goes through pulmonary arteries to go to lungs 4. Oxygenated blood from lungs goes into left atrium through pulmonary veins 5. Left atrium contracts and oxygenated blood goes to left ventricle 6. Left ventricle contracts and oxygenated blood goes to aorta 7. Aorta takes blood to all major arteries 8. Arteries go to capillaries, then veins, then back to inferior and superior vena cava

Where is the semilunar valve located and what is it responsible for

-Located between left ventricle and aorta -Prevents backflow when ventricles relax

Where is the AV valve located and what is it responsible for

-Between atria and ventricles -Prevents backflow when ventricles contract

What are the 3 types of blood vessels the circulatory system has

-Arteries -Veins -Capillaries

Where do arteries take blood

AWAY from the heart to the body

Do arteries carry oxygenated or de-oxygenated blood

Oxygenated blood

Where so veins take blood

TOWARDS the heart

How do veins take blood towards the heart

They drain blood from the capillaries

What valve do veins have to prevent backflow

Venous valves

How thick are capillary walls

One cell thick

Why are capillaries so thin

To let rapid exchange of materials

What are capillaries responsible for

Exchange gas, nutrients and waste

What is the cardiac cycle

One complete heart beat

What are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle

1. Diastole 2. Systole

What happens in the cardiac cycle during the diastole phase

The heart relaxes and fills with blood

What happens in the cardiac cycle during systole phase

Heart contracts and blood is emptied

What sounds do our hearts make

“lubb-dubb”

What does the “lub” sound during a heartbeat mean

The AV valve closed while ventricle contracted

What does the “dubb” sound mean during a heartbeat

Semilunar valve closed while ventricle relaxed

Can the heart contract and relax without any imput from an external source

Yes

What special set of cells in the right atrium is the heart rate controlled by

SA node

T or F: Is the SA node the pacemaker of the heart

True

How does the SA node control our heart beat

it sends electrical impulses to the atria, making them contract, then that electrical impulse is passed on to the AV node to tell the ventricles to contract

T or F: Heart rate increases when we’re stressed

True

How is heart rate also controlled by the brain

By the medula Oblongata

What two nerves in tbe medulla oblongata control heart rate

1.Vagus nerve 2.Cardio-accelerator nerve

What does the vagus nerve do for the heart rate

Slow down the heart rate

What does the cardio accelerator nerve do to the heart rate

Speed up the heart rate

How can we observe our hearts rates

Using an electrocardiograph

What is the p wave on the electrocardiograph

The atria contracting because of the SA node

What is the QRS stand for on the electrocardiograph

The ventricle contracting because of the AV node

What is the T wave in the electrocardiograph stand for

The ventricle relaxing

What is systolic blood pressure

The pressure in the artery when heart is contracting

What is diastolic blood pressure

Pressure in the artery when heart is relaxing

What is the average humans blood pressure

120/80 (systole)/(diastole)

What is the circulatory system disorder when there is an increase in blood pressure in the arteries

Hypertension

What is the circulatory system disorder when overtime too much pressure in the arteries lead to hardening of the arterie walls

Arteriosclerosis

What are risk factors of coronary artery disease

-Sex -Family history -Age -Obesity

What are the consequences of coronary artery disease

Heart attack or stroke

What is a heart attack and what is it caused by

-It is the death of heart muscle from the loss of blood supply there -Caused by a blockage of an artery that transports blood to the heart

What are the 2 types of strokes and explain them

1. Ishemic stroke- Happens when a clot in a blood vessel blocks flow of blood to the brain 2. Hemorrhagis stroke- Happens when a blood vessel in the brain burts

How do you treat coronary artery disease

1. Change lifestyle 2. Angioplasty- open a blocked artery and isert a small balloon in there till the build up is against the artery walls and you can put a stent in place 3. Coronary bypass surgery- Section of healthy artery from another part of the body is used to make a new path for blood to flow around blockage

What is the circulatory system disorder when there is a bulge in an artery because of a weakened area of an artery wall

Aneurysm

What is the circulatory system disorder when a valve does not close fuly and blood flows backwards OR when a valve does not open fully and decreases blood flow

Heart valve disease

What is the circulatory system disorder when there is a problem with the speed or rhythm of the heartbeat

Arrhythmia

What is the circulatory system disorder when there have been heart problems since birth

Congenital heart defect

What is the circulatory system disorder when there is cancer of the white blood cells

Leukemia