Circulatory system Flashcards
Do unicellular organisms need a circulatory system? Why or why not
No because they have one cell so it is always in constant contact with their outside environment
What are the 4 functions of a circulatory system
-Helps deliver nutrients and oxygen to every cell
-Helps remove waste products from cellular processes
-pathway for immune system
-Control body temperature
What are the important organs/features needed for a circulatory system
-A fluid that transports materials (Blood)
-A pump that pushes fluid through the tubes (Heart)
-A network of tubes where the fluid circulates (Blood vessels)
What are the 2 types of circulatory systems
Open and closed circulatory systems
Which circulatory system do humans have
Closed circulatory system
Which animals have an open circulatory system
Invertebrates
What happens in an open circulatory system
Blood does not stay in blood vessels so the organisms need to move to move the blood around
Give an example of an organism with an open circulatory system
Crabs
What happens in a closed circulatory system
Blood is contained in blood vessels and transported in one direction throughout the body
Give an example of an organism with closed circulatory system
Humans
How many types of circulation are there
3
Name the 3 types of circulation
- Complete, single circulation
- Incomplete, double circulation
- Complete, double circulation
Describe complete, single circulation
-2 chambered heart
-Complete because oxygenated and deoxygenated blood dont mix
-Single circulation because blood moves through heart once
Name an organism that has complete, single circulation
Fish
Describe Incomplete, double circulation
-3 chambered heart
-Incomplete because oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix
-Double circulation because blood is carried through the heart twice
-This is a bad circulatory system
Name a specific organism that has Incomplete, double circulation and why only they can
Frogs, they can have a bad circulatory system because they breath through their skin
Describe complete, double circulation
-Four chambered heart
-Complete because oxygenated and deoxygenated blood dont mix
-Double circulation because blood is carried through heart twice
Name a specific organism with complete, double circulation
humans
T or F: In addition to the 4 chambered heart, mammals have a 3 circuit circulatory system
False! They have a 2 circuit circulatory system
What are the 2 circuits involved in humans circulatory system
Pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit
What is the pulmonary circuit in humans circulatory systems responsible for
Circulating blood to the lungs for gas exchange
What is the systemic circuit in humans circulatory systems responsible for
Circulating blood around the body to deliver oxygen, nutrients and pick up CO2
How many L of blood do humans have
4-5L
What is blood made up of
Plasma and cellular component
What are the functions of blood
- Regulating body temperature
- Protects from diseases
- Transporting nutrients
What is plasma made up of
-%90 water
-Glucose, oxygen, vitamins, minerals and waste
-Dissolved ions
-Proteins (Albumins, globulins, fibrinogens)
State what all the proteins in plasma are in charge of doing
Albumins: Determines how much water leaves and enters the cell
Globulins: Transport fats, fat soluble vitamins and cholestrol
Fibrinogens: Blood clotting
What is the cell component inside
-Red blood cells
-White blood cells
-Platelets
What are red blood cells called
Erythrocytes
What protein do erythrocytes carry that is very important for survival
Hemoglobin
What are red blood cells main job
To carry oxygen from lungs to body and carry CO2 from body to lungs
Where are erythrocytes formed
In bone marrow
What is the lifespan of erythrocytes
About 120 days
What are white blood cells called
Leukocytes
What is the main job of leukocytes
Fighting pathogens
Do leukocytes increase or decrease in number when sick
Increase
Where are leukocytes formed and what do they have that the rest of the cell components dont
-Formed in bone marrow
-They have a nucleus
What is the main job of platelets
Blood clotting
How do platelets clot blood
When blood vessels break, platelets stick to fibres and seal the hole in the blood vessel
How do we count blood cells
Using a machine called hemocytometer
Why is a hemocytometer important
It helps us find potential disorders by estimating the amount of cell components
What is an example of a disorder a hemocytometer can help determine, explain the disorder
Anemia: There is low erythrocyte count
What does the colour red on heart diagram mean
Oxygenated blood
What does blue on heart diagram mean
De-oxygenated blood
What is a septum
A wall of muscle seperating both sides of the heart
What are the atria
-At the top of the heart
-Pump blood to the ventricles
What are the ventricles
-At the bottom of the heart
-Right ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit
-Left ventricle pumps blood to the systemic circuit
T or F: Aorta is the biggest blood vessel
True
T or F: Left side of the heart is the strongest
True
What is the pericardium
Surrounds the heart to protect it from friction
Why are the ventricle muscles thicker than the atria muscles
The ventricles pump blood to bigger distances than the atria, more pressure
What do the coronary blood vessels do
Transport blood to the heart
What is the right side of the heart responsible for
De-oxygenated blood
What is the left side of the heart responsible for
Oxygenated blood
At rest how much blood can the heart pump
5L /min
At max how much blood can the heart pump
25L /min
Say all the steps of circulation
- Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium through inferior and superior vena cava
- Right atrium contracts and blood goes to right ventricle
- Right ventricle contracts and blood goes through pulmonary arteries to go to lungs
- Oxygenated blood from lungs goes into left atrium through pulmonary veins
- Left atrium contracts and oxygenated blood goes to left ventricle
- Left ventricle contracts and oxygenated blood goes to aorta
- Aorta takes blood to all major arteries
- Arteries go to capillaries, then veins, then back to inferior and superior vena cava
Where is the semilunar valve located and what is it responsible for
-Located between left ventricle and aorta
-Prevents backflow when ventricles relax
Where is the AV valve located and what is it responsible for
-Between atria and ventricles
-Prevents backflow when ventricles contract
What are the 3 types of blood vessels the circulatory system has
-Arteries
-Veins
-Capillaries
Where do arteries take blood
AWAY from the heart to the body
Do arteries carry oxygenated or de-oxygenated blood
Oxygenated blood
Where so veins take blood
TOWARDS the heart
How do veins take blood towards the heart
They drain blood from the capillaries
What valve do veins have to prevent backflow
Venous valves
How thick are capillary walls
One cell thick
Why are capillaries so thin
To let rapid exchange of materials
What are capillaries responsible for
Exchange gas, nutrients and waste
What is the cardiac cycle
One complete heart beat
What are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle
- Diastole
- Systole
What happens in the cardiac cycle during the diastole phase
The heart relaxes and fills with blood
What happens in the cardiac cycle during systole phase
Heart contracts and blood is emptied
What sounds do our hearts make
“lubb-dubb”
What does the “lub” sound during a heartbeat mean
The AV valve closed while ventricle contracted
What does the “dubb” sound mean during a heartbeat
Semilunar valve closed while ventricle relaxed
Can the heart contract and relax without any imput from an external source
Yes
What special set of cells in the right atrium is the heart rate controlled by
SA node
T or F: Is the SA node the pacemaker of the heart
True
How does the SA node control our heart beat
it sends electrical impulses to the atria, making them contract, then that electrical impulse is passed on to the AV node to tell the ventricles to contract
T or F: Heart rate increases when we’re stressed
True
How is heart rate also controlled by the brain
By the medula Oblongata
What two nerves in tbe medulla oblongata control heart rate
1.Vagus nerve
2.Cardio-accelerator nerve
What does the vagus nerve do for the heart rate
Slow down the heart rate
What does the cardio accelerator nerve do to the heart rate
Speed up the heart rate
How can we observe our hearts rates
Using an electrocardiograph
What is the p wave on the electrocardiograph
The atria contracting because of the SA node
What is the QRS stand for on the electrocardiograph
The ventricle contracting because of the AV node
What is the T wave in the electrocardiograph stand for
The ventricle relaxing
What is systolic blood pressure
The pressure in the artery when heart is contracting
What is diastolic blood pressure
Pressure in the artery when heart is relaxing
What is the average humans blood pressure
120/80 (systole)/(diastole)
What is the circulatory system disorder when there is an increase in blood pressure in the arteries
Hypertension
What is the circulatory system disorder when overtime too much pressure in the arteries lead to hardening of the arterie walls
Arteriosclerosis
What are risk factors of coronary artery disease
-Sex
-Family history
-Age
-Obesity
What are the consequences of coronary artery disease
Heart attack or stroke
What is a heart attack and what is it caused by
-It is the death of heart muscle from the loss of blood supply there
-Caused by a blockage of an artery that transports blood to the heart
What are the 2 types of strokes and explain them
- Ishemic stroke- Happens when a clot in a blood vessel blocks flow of blood to the brain
- Hemorrhagis stroke- Happens when a blood vessel in the brain burts
How do you treat coronary artery disease
- Change lifestyle
- Angioplasty- open a blocked artery and isert a small balloon in there till the build up is against the artery walls and you can put a stent in place
- Coronary bypass surgery- Section of healthy artery from another part of the body is used to make a new path for blood to flow around blockage
What is the circulatory system disorder when there is a bulge in an artery because of a weakened area of an artery wall
Aneurysm
What is the circulatory system disorder when a valve does not close fuly and blood flows backwards OR when a valve does not open fully and decreases blood flow
Heart valve disease
What is the circulatory system disorder when there is a problem with the speed or rhythm of the heartbeat
Arrhythmia
What is the circulatory system disorder when there have been heart problems since birth
Congenital heart defect
What is the circulatory system disorder when there is cancer of the white blood cells
Leukemia
