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Biology grade 11 > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

Do unicellular organisms need a circulatory system? Why or why not

A

No because they have one cell so it is always in constant contact with their outside environment

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2
Q

What are the 4 functions of a circulatory system

A

-Helps deliver nutrients and oxygen to every cell
-Helps remove waste products from cellular processes
-pathway for immune system
-Control body temperature

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3
Q

What are the important organs/features needed for a circulatory system

A

-A fluid that transports materials (Blood)
-A pump that pushes fluid through the tubes (Heart)
-A network of tubes where the fluid circulates (Blood vessels)

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of circulatory systems

A

Open and closed circulatory systems

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5
Q

Which circulatory system do humans have

A

Closed circulatory system

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6
Q

Which animals have an open circulatory system

A

Invertebrates

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7
Q

What happens in an open circulatory system

A

Blood does not stay in blood vessels so the organisms need to move to move the blood around

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8
Q

Give an example of an organism with an open circulatory system

A

Crabs

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9
Q

What happens in a closed circulatory system

A

Blood is contained in blood vessels and transported in one direction throughout the body

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10
Q

Give an example of an organism with closed circulatory system

A

Humans

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11
Q

How many types of circulation are there

A

3

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12
Q

Name the 3 types of circulation

A
  1. Complete, single circulation
  2. Incomplete, double circulation
  3. Complete, double circulation
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13
Q

Describe complete, single circulation

A

-2 chambered heart
-Complete because oxygenated and deoxygenated blood dont mix
-Single circulation because blood moves through heart once

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14
Q

Name an organism that has complete, single circulation

A

Fish

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15
Q

Describe Incomplete, double circulation

A

-3 chambered heart
-Incomplete because oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix
-Double circulation because blood is carried through the heart twice
-This is a bad circulatory system

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16
Q

Name a specific organism that has Incomplete, double circulation and why only they can

A

Frogs, they can have a bad circulatory system because they breath through their skin

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17
Q

Describe complete, double circulation

A

-Four chambered heart
-Complete because oxygenated and deoxygenated blood dont mix
-Double circulation because blood is carried through heart twice

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18
Q

Name a specific organism with complete, double circulation

A

humans

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19
Q

T or F: In addition to the 4 chambered heart, mammals have a 3 circuit circulatory system

A

False! They have a 2 circuit circulatory system

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20
Q

What are the 2 circuits involved in humans circulatory system

A

Pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit

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21
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit in humans circulatory systems responsible for

A

Circulating blood to the lungs for gas exchange

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22
Q

What is the systemic circuit in humans circulatory systems responsible for

A

Circulating blood around the body to deliver oxygen, nutrients and pick up CO2

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23
Q

How many L of blood do humans have

A

4-5L

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24
Q

What is blood made up of

A

Plasma and cellular component

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25
Q

What are the functions of blood

A
  1. Regulating body temperature
  2. Protects from diseases
  3. Transporting nutrients
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26
Q

What is plasma made up of

A

-%90 water
-Glucose, oxygen, vitamins, minerals and waste
-Dissolved ions
-Proteins (Albumins, globulins, fibrinogens)

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27
Q

State what all the proteins in plasma are in charge of doing

A

Albumins: Determines how much water leaves and enters the cell

Globulins: Transport fats, fat soluble vitamins and cholestrol

Fibrinogens: Blood clotting

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28
Q

What is the cell component inside

A

-Red blood cells
-White blood cells
-Platelets

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29
Q

What are red blood cells called

A

Erythrocytes

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30
Q

What protein do erythrocytes carry that is very important for survival

A

Hemoglobin

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31
Q

What are red blood cells main job

A

To carry oxygen from lungs to body and carry CO2 from body to lungs

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32
Q

Where are erythrocytes formed

A

In bone marrow

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33
Q

What is the lifespan of erythrocytes

A

About 120 days

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34
Q

What are white blood cells called

A

Leukocytes

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35
Q

What is the main job of leukocytes

A

Fighting pathogens

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36
Q

Do leukocytes increase or decrease in number when sick

A

Increase

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37
Q

Where are leukocytes formed and what do they have that the rest of the cell components dont

A

-Formed in bone marrow
-They have a nucleus

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38
Q

What is the main job of platelets

A

Blood clotting

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39
Q

How do platelets clot blood

A

When blood vessels break, platelets stick to fibres and seal the hole in the blood vessel

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40
Q

How do we count blood cells

A

Using a machine called hemocytometer

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41
Q

Why is a hemocytometer important

A

It helps us find potential disorders by estimating the amount of cell components

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42
Q

What is an example of a disorder a hemocytometer can help determine, explain the disorder

A

Anemia: There is low erythrocyte count

43
Q

What does the colour red on heart diagram mean

A

Oxygenated blood

44
Q

What does blue on heart diagram mean

A

De-oxygenated blood

45
Q

What is a septum

A

A wall of muscle seperating both sides of the heart

46
Q

What are the atria

A

-At the top of the heart
-Pump blood to the ventricles

47
Q

What are the ventricles

A

-At the bottom of the heart
-Right ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit
-Left ventricle pumps blood to the systemic circuit

48
Q

T or F: Aorta is the biggest blood vessel

A

True

49
Q

T or F: Left side of the heart is the strongest

A

True

50
Q

What is the pericardium

A

Surrounds the heart to protect it from friction

51
Q

Why are the ventricle muscles thicker than the atria muscles

A

The ventricles pump blood to bigger distances than the atria, more pressure

52
Q

What do the coronary blood vessels do

A

Transport blood to the heart

53
Q

What is the right side of the heart responsible for

A

De-oxygenated blood

54
Q

What is the left side of the heart responsible for

A

Oxygenated blood

55
Q

At rest how much blood can the heart pump

A

5L /min

56
Q

At max how much blood can the heart pump

A

25L /min

57
Q

Say all the steps of circulation

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium through inferior and superior vena cava
  2. Right atrium contracts and blood goes to right ventricle
  3. Right ventricle contracts and blood goes through pulmonary arteries to go to lungs
  4. Oxygenated blood from lungs goes into left atrium through pulmonary veins
  5. Left atrium contracts and oxygenated blood goes to left ventricle
  6. Left ventricle contracts and oxygenated blood goes to aorta
  7. Aorta takes blood to all major arteries
  8. Arteries go to capillaries, then veins, then back to inferior and superior vena cava
58
Q

Where is the semilunar valve located and what is it responsible for

A

-Located between left ventricle and aorta
-Prevents backflow when ventricles relax

59
Q

Where is the AV valve located and what is it responsible for

A

-Between atria and ventricles
-Prevents backflow when ventricles contract

60
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels the circulatory system has

A

-Arteries
-Veins
-Capillaries

61
Q

Where do arteries take blood

A

AWAY from the heart to the body

62
Q

Do arteries carry oxygenated or de-oxygenated blood

A

Oxygenated blood

63
Q

Where so veins take blood

A

TOWARDS the heart

64
Q

How do veins take blood towards the heart

A

They drain blood from the capillaries

65
Q

What valve do veins have to prevent backflow

A

Venous valves

66
Q

How thick are capillary walls

A

One cell thick

67
Q

Why are capillaries so thin

A

To let rapid exchange of materials

68
Q

What are capillaries responsible for

A

Exchange gas, nutrients and waste

69
Q

What is the cardiac cycle

A

One complete heart beat

70
Q

What are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle

A
  1. Diastole
  2. Systole
71
Q

What happens in the cardiac cycle during the diastole phase

A

The heart relaxes and fills with blood

72
Q

What happens in the cardiac cycle during systole phase

A

Heart contracts and blood is emptied

73
Q

What sounds do our hearts make

A

“lubb-dubb”

74
Q

What does the “lub” sound during a heartbeat mean

A

The AV valve closed while ventricle contracted

75
Q

What does the “dubb” sound mean during a heartbeat

A

Semilunar valve closed while ventricle relaxed

76
Q

Can the heart contract and relax without any imput from an external source

A

Yes

77
Q

What special set of cells in the right atrium is the heart rate controlled by

A

SA node

78
Q

T or F: Is the SA node the pacemaker of the heart

A

True

79
Q

How does the SA node control our heart beat

A

it sends electrical impulses to the atria, making them contract, then that electrical impulse is passed on to the AV node to tell the ventricles to contract

80
Q

T or F: Heart rate increases when we’re stressed

A

True

81
Q

How is heart rate also controlled by the brain

A

By the medula Oblongata

82
Q

What two nerves in tbe medulla oblongata control heart rate

A

1.Vagus nerve
2.Cardio-accelerator nerve

83
Q

What does the vagus nerve do for the heart rate

A

Slow down the heart rate

84
Q

What does the cardio accelerator nerve do to the heart rate

A

Speed up the heart rate

85
Q

How can we observe our hearts rates

A

Using an electrocardiograph

86
Q

What is the p wave on the electrocardiograph

A

The atria contracting because of the SA node

87
Q

What is the QRS stand for on the electrocardiograph

A

The ventricle contracting because of the AV node

88
Q

What is the T wave in the electrocardiograph stand for

A

The ventricle relaxing

89
Q

What is systolic blood pressure

A

The pressure in the artery when heart is contracting

90
Q

What is diastolic blood pressure

A

Pressure in the artery when heart is relaxing

91
Q

What is the average humans blood pressure

A

120/80 (systole)/(diastole)

92
Q

What is the circulatory system disorder when there is an increase in blood pressure in the arteries

A

Hypertension

93
Q

What is the circulatory system disorder when overtime too much pressure in the arteries lead to hardening of the arterie walls

A

Arteriosclerosis

94
Q

What are risk factors of coronary artery disease

A

-Sex
-Family history
-Age
-Obesity

95
Q

What are the consequences of coronary artery disease

A

Heart attack or stroke

96
Q

What is a heart attack and what is it caused by

A

-It is the death of heart muscle from the loss of blood supply there
-Caused by a blockage of an artery that transports blood to the heart

97
Q

What are the 2 types of strokes and explain them

A
  1. Ishemic stroke- Happens when a clot in a blood vessel blocks flow of blood to the brain
  2. Hemorrhagis stroke- Happens when a blood vessel in the brain burts
98
Q

How do you treat coronary artery disease

A
  1. Change lifestyle
  2. Angioplasty- open a blocked artery and isert a small balloon in there till the build up is against the artery walls and you can put a stent in place
  3. Coronary bypass surgery- Section of healthy artery from another part of the body is used to make a new path for blood to flow around blockage
99
Q

What is the circulatory system disorder when there is a bulge in an artery because of a weakened area of an artery wall

A

Aneurysm

100
Q

What is the circulatory system disorder when a valve does not close fuly and blood flows backwards OR when a valve does not open fully and decreases blood flow

A

Heart valve disease

101
Q

What is the circulatory system disorder when there is a problem with the speed or rhythm of the heartbeat

A

Arrhythmia

102
Q

What is the circulatory system disorder when there have been heart problems since birth

A

Congenital heart defect

103
Q

What is the circulatory system disorder when there is cancer of the white blood cells

A

Leukemia

Biology grade 11 (15 decks)

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