Macronutrients

Question 1

Why do we eat

Answer 1

To grow, maintain and get energy

Question 2

What are nutrients

Answer 2

The chemicals organisms need to grow, build, repair and make energy

Question 3

What are the 6 nutrients that we need to survive

Answer 3

1. Carbs
2. Fats
3. Proteins
4. Water
5. Minerals
6. Vitamins

Question 4

How do humans get nutrients

Answer 4

By eating plants and animals

Question 5

Do some living things require more food than others

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

Which living things need more food than others

Answer 6

Larger animals need more food because they need more energy to keep their bodies warm

Question 7

What are ectothermic animals

Answer 7

Cold blooded animals

Question 8

Who needs more food, large warm blooded animals or large ectothermic animals?

Answer 8

Large warm blooded animals

Question 9

Who needs more food, large animals or small animals

Answer 9

Large animals

Question 10

What are the two processes that make up metabolism

Answer 10

Catabolism and anabolism

Question 11

What is catabolism

Answer 11

The breaking down of larger molecules into smaller subunits

Question 12

What is anabolism

Answer 12

The building of larger molecules from smaller subunits

Question 13

What is an example of catabolism

Answer 13

Amino acids -> simple sugars

Question 14

What is an example of anabolism

Answer 14

Amino acids -> protein

Question 15

What are carbohydrates

Answer 15

Sugars

Question 16

What is our primary source of energy and how much do we need of it

Answer 16

Carbohydrates, we need 55%

Question 17

What are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 17

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 18

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates

Answer 18

1. Monosaccarides
2. Disaccarides
3. Polysaccharides

Question 19

What are monosaccarides and give an example

Answer 19

Most simple sugars (glucose)

Question 20

What are monosaccharides used for and why

Answer 20

Glucose is needed for cellular respiration to give energy for physical activity and cellular processes

Question 21

What are monosaccharides found in

Answer 21

Fruits, milk and desserts

Question 22

What are disaccharides

Answer 22

Two monosaccharides together

Question 23

What is an example of a disaccharide

Answer 23

Table sugar

Question 24

What are polysaccharides

Answer 24

-3 or more sugars linked tg
-Need to be digested before we can absorb them

Question 25

What are polysaccharides used for

Answer 25

-Energy storage -Structural parts

Question 26

How are polysaccharides used as energy storage

Answer 26

-In plants, it stores starch -In animals, it stores glycogen

Question 27

How are polysaccharides used as structural parts of plants and animals

Answer 27

-In plants, cellulose used in cell wall -In animals, chitin used in exoskeletons of insects

Question 28

Where can we get carbs

Answer 28

Grains, potatoes, breads, fruits

Question 29

In humans where are carbohydrates stores

Answer 29

In the liver

Question 30

How are carbohydrates stored in the liver

Answer 30

As glycogen

Question 31

What happens when we have reached our max amount of glycogen in the liver and we have excess carbs

Answer 31

The excess carbs turn into lipids and are stored as fat

Question 32

What do our bodies do when we need energy

Answer 32

The glycogen in the liver is converted into useable glucose

Question 33

What are proteins

Answer 33

The building blocks of life

Question 34

What do proteins do for humans

Answer 34

-Help chemical reactions happen -Repair and maintain body cells -Transport materials around the body

Question 35

Name a protein that transports materials around the body

Answer 35

Hemoglobin, transports oxygen

Question 36

Can proteins act as hormones

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

What are hormones

Answer 37

Chemical messengers in the body that influence cell activity somewhere else in the body

Question 38

What are proteins made up of

Answer 38

Amino acids

Question 39

How many amino acids are there

Answer 39

20 amino acids

Question 40

How do we get all 20 amino acids

Answer 40

12 are made by our bodies 8 we get from foods

Question 41

Name food sources of protein

Answer 41

Meat, eggs

Question 42

How much protein do we need

Answer 42

10-30%

Question 43

What are the functions of fats

Answer 43

They are a structural parts of cell membrane, sex hormones and insulation

Question 44

What are fats made up of

Answer 44

3 fatty acids bonded to a triglyceride

Question 45

T or F: Triglycerides can be saturated or unsaturated

Answer 45

True

Question 46

What state are saturated fats at room temp

Answer 46

Solid

Question 47

What state are unsaturated fats at room temp

Answer 47

Liquid

Question 48

Which one is “bad” fat and which one is “good” fat: Saturated or Unsaturated

Answer 48

Saturated= bad fat Unsaturated= good fat

Question 49

Why do our bodies need omega 3 fatty acids

Answer 49

Needed to prevent heart disease and arthritis

Question 50

How much fat do we need

Answer 50

30%

Question 51

What does water do for humans

Answer 51

Help digest food, maintain blood volume and regulate body temp

Question 52

How many L of water do we need a day

Answer 52

2L

Question 53

What are vitamins

Answer 53

Compounds organisms need in small amounts

Question 54

Why do we need vitamins

Answer 54

Help regulate cell function, growth and development

Question 55

What are the two types of vitamins

Answer 55

Fat soluble and Water soluble

Question 56

Name fat soluble vitamins

Answer 56

A, D, E, K

Question 57

Name water soluble vitamins

Answer 57

Vitamin B and C

Question 58

What are minerals

Answer 58

Natural elements our body uses

Question 59

Why do we need minerals

Answer 59

Helps us with metabolic processes and to build or repair tissues

Question 60

Which minerals are critical in bone formation

Answer 60

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 61

What mineral is a component of hemoglobin

Answer 61

Iron