Macronutrients Flashcards
Why do we eat
To grow, maintain and get energy
What are nutrients
The chemicals organisms need to grow, build, repair and make energy
What are the 6 nutrients that we need to survive
- Carbs
- Fats
- Proteins
- Water
- Minerals
- Vitamins
How do humans get nutrients
By eating plants and animals
Do some living things require more food than others
Yes
Which living things need more food than others
Larger animals need more food because they need more energy to keep their bodies warm
What are ectothermic animals
Cold blooded animals
Who needs more food, large warm blooded animals or large ectothermic animals?
Large warm blooded animals
Who needs more food, large animals or small animals
Large animals
What are the two processes that make up metabolism
Catabolism and anabolism
What is catabolism
The breaking down of larger molecules into smaller subunits
What is anabolism
The building of larger molecules from smaller subunits
What is an example of catabolism
Amino acids -> simple sugars
What is an example of anabolism
Amino acids -> protein
What are carbohydrates
Sugars
What is our primary source of energy and how much do we need of it
Carbohydrates, we need 55%
What are carbohydrates made up of
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What are the 3 types of carbohydrates
- Monosaccarides
- Disaccarides
- Polysaccharides
What are monosaccarides and give an example
Most simple sugars (glucose)
What are monosaccharides used for and why
Glucose is needed for cellular respiration to give energy for physical activity and cellular processes
What are monosaccharides found in
Fruits, milk and desserts
What are disaccharides
Two monosaccharides together
What is an example of a disaccharide
Table sugar
What are polysaccharides
-3 or more sugars linked tg
-Need to be digested before we can absorb them
What are polysaccharides used for
-Energy storage
-Structural parts
How are polysaccharides used as energy storage
-In plants, it stores starch
-In animals, it stores glycogen
How are polysaccharides used as structural parts of plants and animals
-In plants, cellulose used in cell wall
-In animals, chitin used in exoskeletons of insects
Where can we get carbs
Grains, potatoes, breads, fruits
In humans where are carbohydrates stores
In the liver
How are carbohydrates stored in the liver
As glycogen
What happens when we have reached our max amount of glycogen in the liver and we have excess carbs
The excess carbs turn into lipids and are stored as fat
What do our bodies do when we need energy
The glycogen in the liver is converted into useable glucose
What are proteins
The building blocks of life
What do proteins do for humans
-Help chemical reactions happen
-Repair and maintain body cells
-Transport materials around the body
Name a protein that transports materials around the body
Hemoglobin, transports oxygen
Can proteins act as hormones
yes
What are hormones
Chemical messengers in the body that influence cell activity somewhere else in the body
What are proteins made up of
Amino acids
How many amino acids are there
20 amino acids
How do we get all 20 amino acids
12 are made by our bodies
8 we get from foods
Name food sources of protein
Meat, eggs
How much protein do we need
10-30%
What are the functions of fats
They are a structural parts of cell membrane, sex hormones and insulation
What are fats made up of
3 fatty acids bonded to a triglyceride
T or F: Triglycerides can be saturated or unsaturated
True
What state are saturated fats at room temp
Solid
What state are unsaturated fats at room temp
Liquid
Which one is “bad” fat and which one is “good” fat: Saturated or Unsaturated
Saturated= bad fat
Unsaturated= good fat
Why do our bodies need omega 3 fatty acids
Needed to prevent heart disease and arthritis
How much fat do we need
30%
What does water do for humans
Help digest food, maintain blood volume and regulate body temp
How many L of water do we need a day
2L
What are vitamins
Compounds organisms need in small amounts
Why do we need vitamins
Help regulate cell function, growth and development
What are the two types of vitamins
Fat soluble and Water soluble
Name fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
Name water soluble vitamins
Vitamin B and C
What are minerals
Natural elements our body uses
Why do we need minerals
Helps us with metabolic processes and to build or repair tissues
Which minerals are critical in bone formation
Calcium and phosphorus
What mineral is a component of hemoglobin
Iron
