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Biology grade 11 > Macronutrients > Flashcards

Macronutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we eat

A

To grow, maintain and get energy

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2
Q

What are nutrients

A

The chemicals organisms need to grow, build, repair and make energy

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3
Q

What are the 6 nutrients that we need to survive

A
  1. Carbs
  2. Fats
  3. Proteins
  4. Water
  5. Minerals
  6. Vitamins
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4
Q

How do humans get nutrients

A

By eating plants and animals

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5
Q

Do some living things require more food than others

A

Yes

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6
Q

Which living things need more food than others

A

Larger animals need more food because they need more energy to keep their bodies warm

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7
Q

What are ectothermic animals

A

Cold blooded animals

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8
Q

Who needs more food, large warm blooded animals or large ectothermic animals?

A

Large warm blooded animals

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9
Q

Who needs more food, large animals or small animals

A

Large animals

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10
Q

What are the two processes that make up metabolism

A

Catabolism and anabolism

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11
Q

What is catabolism

A

The breaking down of larger molecules into smaller subunits

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12
Q

What is anabolism

A

The building of larger molecules from smaller subunits

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13
Q

What is an example of catabolism

A

Amino acids -> simple sugars

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14
Q

What is an example of anabolism

A

Amino acids -> protein

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15
Q

What are carbohydrates

A

Sugars

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16
Q

What is our primary source of energy and how much do we need of it

A

Carbohydrates, we need 55%

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17
Q

What are carbohydrates made up of

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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18
Q

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates

A
  1. Monosaccarides
  2. Disaccarides
  3. Polysaccharides
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19
Q

What are monosaccarides and give an example

A

Most simple sugars (glucose)

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20
Q

What are monosaccharides used for and why

A

Glucose is needed for cellular respiration to give energy for physical activity and cellular processes

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21
Q

What are monosaccharides found in

A

Fruits, milk and desserts

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22
Q

What are disaccharides

A

Two monosaccharides together

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23
Q

What is an example of a disaccharide

A

Table sugar

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24
Q

What are polysaccharides

A

-3 or more sugars linked tg
-Need to be digested before we can absorb them

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25
Q

What are polysaccharides used for

A

-Energy storage
-Structural parts

26
Q

How are polysaccharides used as energy storage

A

-In plants, it stores starch
-In animals, it stores glycogen

27
Q

How are polysaccharides used as structural parts of plants and animals

A

-In plants, cellulose used in cell wall
-In animals, chitin used in exoskeletons of insects

28
Q

Where can we get carbs

A

Grains, potatoes, breads, fruits

29
Q

In humans where are carbohydrates stores

A

In the liver

30
Q

How are carbohydrates stored in the liver

A

As glycogen

31
Q

What happens when we have reached our max amount of glycogen in the liver and we have excess carbs

A

The excess carbs turn into lipids and are stored as fat

32
Q

What do our bodies do when we need energy

A

The glycogen in the liver is converted into useable glucose

33
Q

What are proteins

A

The building blocks of life

34
Q

What do proteins do for humans

A

-Help chemical reactions happen
-Repair and maintain body cells
-Transport materials around the body

35
Q

Name a protein that transports materials around the body

A

Hemoglobin, transports oxygen

36
Q

Can proteins act as hormones

A

yes

37
Q

What are hormones

A

Chemical messengers in the body that influence cell activity somewhere else in the body

38
Q

What are proteins made up of

A

Amino acids

39
Q

How many amino acids are there

A

20 amino acids

40
Q

How do we get all 20 amino acids

A

12 are made by our bodies
8 we get from foods

41
Q

Name food sources of protein

A

Meat, eggs

42
Q

How much protein do we need

A

10-30%

43
Q

What are the functions of fats

A

They are a structural parts of cell membrane, sex hormones and insulation

44
Q

What are fats made up of

A

3 fatty acids bonded to a triglyceride

45
Q

T or F: Triglycerides can be saturated or unsaturated

A

True

46
Q

What state are saturated fats at room temp

A

Solid

47
Q

What state are unsaturated fats at room temp

A

Liquid

48
Q

Which one is “bad” fat and which one is “good” fat: Saturated or Unsaturated

A

Saturated= bad fat
Unsaturated= good fat

49
Q

Why do our bodies need omega 3 fatty acids

A

Needed to prevent heart disease and arthritis

50
Q

How much fat do we need

A

30%

51
Q

What does water do for humans

A

Help digest food, maintain blood volume and regulate body temp

52
Q

How many L of water do we need a day

A

2L

53
Q

What are vitamins

A

Compounds organisms need in small amounts

54
Q

Why do we need vitamins

A

Help regulate cell function, growth and development

55
Q

What are the two types of vitamins

A

Fat soluble and Water soluble

56
Q

Name fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

57
Q

Name water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin B and C

58
Q

What are minerals

A

Natural elements our body uses

59
Q

Why do we need minerals

A

Helps us with metabolic processes and to build or repair tissues

60
Q

Which minerals are critical in bone formation

A

Calcium and phosphorus

61
Q

What mineral is a component of hemoglobin

A

Iron

Biology grade 11 (15 decks)

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