Multiple alleles Flashcards

1
Q

What is multiple alleles

A

When there are more than 2 alleles for the same gene

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2
Q

What is an example of multiple alleles

A

Fruitflies, they can have 4 different possible eye colours:

red, apricot, honey and white

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3
Q

How do we find whats dominant in multiple alleles

A

There is a hierarchy when multiple alleles exist

ex: Red eyes dominate all eyes
Apricot eyes dominate honey and white
Honey eyes dominate white
White eyes is recessive

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4
Q

The dominant allele in multuple alleles is represented as

A

Capital letters (ex: CC)

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5
Q

The next dominant alleles are represented as

A

Capital letters with a superscript
(Ex: Cᵖᵒ Cᵖᵒ and Cᵒ Cᵒ)

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6
Q

The recessive alleles are represented as

A

Lower case letter (ex: cc)

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7
Q

Do multiple alleles exist in humans

A

Yes

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8
Q

What is an example of multiple alleles in humans

A

Blood types

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9
Q

How many different alleles make up our blood types

A

3

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10
Q

What are the 3 different alleles that make up our blood types

A
  1. I ᵃ
  2. I ᵇ
  3. i
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11
Q

How many genotypes and phenotypes do the 3 different alleles make for our blood types

A

6 genotypes and 4 phenotypes

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12
Q

What do the alleles in our blood types control

A

The production of antigens on red blood cells

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13
Q

What is an antigen

A

A substance that makes the body produce anti-bodies against whatever substance has entered our body

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14
Q

What are anti-bodies

A

Proteins that help the body fight off viruses and bacteria

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15
Q

What antigen does allele Iᵃ produce

A

A

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16
Q

What antigen does allele Iᵇ produce

17
Q

What antigen does allele i produce

A

No antigens

18
Q

What are the 6 genotypes of our blood and the 4 phenotypes

A
  1. I ᵃ I ᵃ - Type A
  2. I ᵃ i -Type A
  3. I ᵇ I ᵇ -Type B
  4. I ᵇ i -Type B
  5. I ᵃ I ᵇ -Type AB
  6. ii -Type O
19
Q

What blood types can type A blood recieve

20
Q

What blood types can type B blood recieve

21
Q

What blood types can type AB blood recieve

A

Every blood type

22
Q

What blood type can type O blood recieve

A

Only type O

23
Q

Why can certain blood types not give other blood types blood

A

Because those blood types have antibodies against them

24
Q

Why can type AB blood recieve blood from everyone but can not give blood to anyone

A

Because type A and type B have antibodies against each other (type AB has both A and B) and type O cant recieve from anyone

25
Why can type O blood give blood to everyone
Because it produces no antigens, so it does not trigger an immune response from any blood types
26
What blood type is an example of co-dominance
Type AB, both antigens are present on the cell
27
A mother with type B blood gives birth to a child with type O blood and names a man with type O blood as the father. What is the genotype of the father and the child? what are the possible genotypes of the mother? Is the man a suspect? Why?
Genotype of father and child: ii Genotype of mother: I ᵇI ᵇ or I ᵇi The man is a suspect because 50% of the offspring can be type O