Kingdom bacteria Flashcards
What is the metabolism of bacteria
Both heterotrophs and autotrophs
Explain how heterotroph bacteria gets food and give an example
consume organic compounds or inorganic chemicals (ex: plants)
Name two bacterias that perform photosynthesis and how other autotroph bacterias get food
Green bacteria and cyanobacteria, other autotroph bacterias make energy from simple inorganic compounds
What is obligate aerobe
Bacteria that needs oxygen
What is obligate anaerobe
Bacteria that cant survive in oxygen
What is facultative aerobe
Bacteria that lives with or without oxygen
What is gram positive on bacteria
Thick protein layer that stains purple
What is gram negative on bacteria
Thin protein layer that stains pink
What are the bacterial shapes
-Coccus (Round)
-Bacillus (Rod)
-Spirillum (Spiral)
What is the name for asexual reproduction in bacteria
Binary fission
How does binary fission work in bacteria
Split a parent cell into 2 daughter cells that get an exact copy of dna from parent
What is the name for sexual reproduction in bacteria
Conjugation
How does conjugation work in bacteria
Bacteria gets stuck to pili and exchange genetic information
What is transformation in bacteria
Happens when a cell picks up loose DNA from its surroundings and uses it
What is an endospore
A dormant phase during bad conditions that bacteria go in
Why is an endospore important for bacteria
Very resistant structures form around the chromosomes to resist extreme environmental conditions
What are the roles of bacteria
Decomposition, Pathogens, symbiosis roles, commercial uses
How do bacteria act like decomposers
Recycles important elements in the carbon and nitrogen cycles
How do bacteria act like pathogens
they cause disease in humans, crops and livestock. They can make toxins and cause illness
How do bacteria have symbiosis roles
(With humans) Bacteria in large intestine make vitamin k and B12
How do bacteria have commercial use
Used in commercials for environmental clean up, sewage treatment, cheese, yogurt production
Do antibiotics work to stop bacteria
Yes
How do antibiotics stop bacteria
Stops bacteria from growing by preventing growth and reproduction, stops them from building a cell wall or making DNA/RNA
What is expenential growth
The growth rate of bacteria, they devide every 20 minutes
What is antibiotic resistance
When antibiotics become less effective at defeating bacteria
How does antibiotic resistance happen
Bacteria reproduce so quickly so genetic mutations happen, these mutations make antibiotics less effective
What do we have to do to make antibiotics more effective when we have antibiotic resistance
Change target place and change molecular structure of antibiotic
How do plasmids affect antibiotic resistance
Some plasmids have genes for antibiotic resistance
