The Respiratory System Flashcards
What’s the correct passage of air
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Muscles used for inspiration/expiration at rest
Inspiration: External intercostal muscles, diaphragm
Expiration : the same just relaxed
Muscles used during inspiration during exercise
Diaphragm, external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pectoral is major
Muscles used during exercise during expiration
Internal intercostals, abdominals
What is the muscle in the neck
sternocleidomastoid
What does the muscles do when at rest and you inspire/expire
Inspiration:
Diaphragm contracts and pulls downwards.
External intercostal muscles moves forwards and outwards, increasing volume.
Expiration:
Muscles relax, air moves from high to low pressure
What happens to the muscles during inspiration and expiration during exercise
Inspiration:
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract with added help of pectoral major, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
Added contraction increases the chest cavity even more.
Expiration:
Assessed by intercostal and abdominal muscles contracting, chest size decreases so air leaves from low to high pressure
Watch vid on gaseous exchange
What effects can smoking have on the respiratory system
Cause irritation of the trachea and bronchi
Damages lining of the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
What are the three factors involved in the regulation of pulmonary ventilation during exercise
Neural control
Chemical control
Hormonal control
What does the Neural control involve
The brain and the nervous system
What does chemical control involve
Blood acidity
How does the neural and chemical control work together
They work together to regulate breathing.
When blood acidity is high, the brain sends impulses through the nervous system to increase breathing.
Pulmonary ventilation is breathing and the nervous system controls this automatically through sympathetic and parasympathetic
What areas does the respiratory system have
The inspiratory and expiratory
What is the inspiratory center responsible for and do
It is responsible for inspiration and expiration.
It sends out nerve impulses via the phrenic nerve to the inspiratory muscles to cause them to contract.
As a result depth and rhythm of breathing will increase
