Skill Acquisition Flashcards

Question

What happens in the autonomous stage

Answer 1

Sequencing and timing of subroutines is automatic, less conscious attention Process large chunks of information that occurs without their attention Performer analysing own performance and adjust own actions High levels of smoothness efficiency accuracy and performed without stress

Answer 2

Loss of motivation Poor coaching Limits of the ability of the performer are reached Goals/targets are set too low Fatigue both mentally and physically

Answer 3

1.) preparation - Can’t solve the problem initially, data gathering 2.) Incubation - problem put on hold, problem worked on unconsciously 3.) Insight - Suddenly there is a mental representation of solution 4.) Verification - solution checked

Answer 4

1.) preparation - Can’t solve the problem initially, data gathering 2.) Incubation - problem put on hold, problem worked on unconsciously 3.) Insight - Suddenly there is a mental representation of solution 4.) Verification - solution checked

Answer 5

The learner learns new skills through experiencing the whole task 2. Part learning is not effective 3. Kinaesthesis and the flow of the task are maintained 4. There is a greater understanding of the skill as the athlete has to use their own cognitive processes to solve the problem – this means there is a greater understanding and therefore retention of the skill. Implications for coaches – pose questions to the athlete don’t just tell them what to do. 5. They use their insight and adapt to sporting situations. 6. Allows the athlete to be creative and develop their own strategies and tactics.

Answer 6

This is the learning or problem solving that happens all of a sudden through understanding the relationships of various parts of a problem rather than through trial and error

Answer 7

This is also known as trial and error learning, it shapes behaviour and the environment is manipulated to promote a certain behaviour. And behaviour is shaped by reinforcement . Operant conditioning based on Skinner’s work is the use of reinforcement to ensure the correct responses are repeated. Characterised by 3 principles Trial and error learning The coach might manipulate the environment Behaviour shaped by reinforcement S-R bond

Answer 8

Bandura suggests that the performer needs to ARMM Attention - watch demonstration Retention - chance to practice M - Motor production - must be physically and psychologically capable Motivation - Internal and external motivators

Answer 9

According to Vygotsky, social interaction plays a key role in an individual’s development. You build on what you know already, (hence constructivism = build), and you can learn from others who are more experienced and skilled

Answer 10

Inter-psychological learning – happens before development. The performer learns from people they interact with. • Intra-psychological learning – Learning takes place within the learner. • the performer thinks about what they can do on their own and what they have learnt from others. • More knowledgeable other (MKO) – a person who has a greater understanding of the skill/task than you do and can offer technical advice and feedback. • Zone of proximal development - Stage 1 – what can I do on my own (independently)? Stage 2 – what can I do with the help of a MKO? Stage 3 – What can I not do yet?