The Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is sperm generated?

A

Testes

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2
Q

Where is the testes housed?

A

Scrotum

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3
Q

Sperm are produced in what structure in the testes

A

Seminiferous tubules

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4
Q

What is the process of generating sperm called?

A

Spermatogenesis

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5
Q

What is the function of the hormone testosterone?

A

Initiate and maintain sperm production

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6
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

Stores sperm before ejaculation

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7
Q

What is the vas deferens

A

Channel that connects the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

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8
Q

What happens at the ejaculatory duct?

A

Site where secretions from different glands are mixed with sperm to produce semen

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9
Q

What is the function of the seminal vesicles?

A

Glands that secrete a fructose containing liquid to nourish sperm

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10
Q

What is the prostate gland?

A

Gland that secretes an alkaline fluid to enable sperm to survive in the acidic reproductive tract of females

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11
Q

What does the bulbourethral glands produce?

A

Produce a viscous fluid that lubricates the male reproductive tract

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12
Q

Pathway of sperm travel during spermatogenesis - ejaculation

A

(Seven up)
Seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis

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13
Q

The male reproductive system is responsible for the generation of which male gametes?

A

Sperm

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the female reproductive system?

A

Production of female gametes, Ova

Incubation of the fetus during pregnancy

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15
Q

What is the process of ova production?

A

Production of Ova in the ovaries

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16
Q

What happens during oogenesis?

A

One haploid ovum is produced from one diploid cell along with two polar bodies through meiotic division, so females have a 1:1 diploid to haploid cell ratio, while males have a 1:4 ratio

17
Q

What is the fallopian tube?

A

Tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus
(Site of fertilization)

18
Q

What kind of tissue is the endometrium?

A

Tissue with many blood vessels that nourishes the developing embryo

19
Q

What is the placenta?

A

Site of nutrient and waste exchange for the developing fetus

20
Q

What is menstruation?

A

Process during which the endometrium is shed

21
Q

How long is the female menstrual cycle?

A

Approximately 28 days

22
Q

The female menstrual cycle can be divided into what phases?

A

Follicular ( before ovulation) luteal (after ovulation) phases

23
Q

What occurs during the follicular phase?

A

Ovarian follicle matures

24
Q

What happens during the luteal phase?

A

Follows ovulation in which the corpus luteum produces progesterone in preparation for fertilization of the ovum

25
Q

What is the Ovarian Follicle?

A

Structure in the ovaries that contains a developing ovum

26
Q

What occurs during ovulation?

A

Process that releases an ovum from the ovarian follicle

27
Q

What is the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle?(Late, early)

A

Leads to the maturation of one ovarian follicle

Thickening of the endometrium

(Early) Inhibits the release of more FSH to prevent the maturation of multiple follicles

(Late) acts as a positive feedback loop to drive more FSH release, culminating in the release of LH

28
Q

What is the corpus luteum?

A

A structure that develops from the ruptured follicle and secretes progesterone

29
Q

The menstrual cycle is regulated by which hormones?

A

FSH

LH

Estrogen

Progesterone