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TEAs (science) > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?

A

Supplies oxygen and nutrients to every living cell throughout the body by orchestrated movement of blood and lymph

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2
Q

What structures are part of the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

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3
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

Propels blood through the circulatory system

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4
Q

What are the different chambers of the heart? (4)

A

Right and left atria
Right and left ventricles

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5
Q

What is the function of the atria?

A

Receives blood returning from the heart from other areas of the body

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6
Q

What is the function of the ventricles?

A

Collects and expels blood from the heart

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7
Q

What separates the atria and ventricles?

A

Atrioventricular valves

Right: Tricuspid valve
Left: mitral valve (bicuspid valve)

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8
Q

What are the 3 major types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of arteries?

A

Strong elastic vessels

Adapted to the high pressure of blood as it leaves the heart

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10
Q

What are the smaller branches of arteries called and where do they supply their blood??

A

Arterioles
-supplies to the smallest blood vessels called capillaries

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11
Q

Why do capillaries consist of just a single layer of epithelial tissue?

A

Allows for substances and gases to be exchanged between the blood and the cells of tissues via diffusion

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12
Q

What is the largest artery in the body?

A

Aorta

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13
Q

How does blood return to the heart?

A

From capillaries via venules (merge to form veins)

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14
Q

Why are veins thinner that arteries?

A

Veins do not have to carry blood under high pressure

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15
Q

What prevents the backflow of blood in veins?

A

Valves

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16
Q

What is the largest vein in the body? Function?

A

Inferior vena cava
-brings deoxygenated blood back to the heart

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17
Q

Which vein brings blood from the lungs to the heart?

A

Pulmonary vein

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18
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

Transports oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removes wastes products (carbon dioxide and ammonia)

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19
Q

What are the 4 main components of blood?

A

Reb blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma

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20
Q

What is plasma? Components?

A

Liquid component of blood that account for approximately half the blood volume (55%)
-proteins and electrolytes

21
Q

What is the second greatest component of blood by volume?

A

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

22
Q

What is the functional unit of a erythrocyte?

A

Hemoglobin

23
Q

What is a hemoglobin?

A

An iron containing protein that facilitates gas exchange by binding to oxygen or carbon dioxide

24
Q

What is Anemia?

A

Condition that occurs when hemoglobin levels are low

25
Q

What would cause an anemia?

A

Iron deficiency
Body not producing enough RBCs
Sickle cell trait

26
Q

Which blood cells are part of the body’s immune response?

A

White blood cells/leukocytes

27
Q

What is the function of WBC/leukocytes?

A

Removes pathogens and foreign material from the blood

28
Q

What are platelets?

A

Cell fragments that prevent bleeding by developing blood clots

29
Q

What occurs if you have too little platelets ?

A

thrombocytopenia
-condition that can result in excessive external bleeding (nosebleeds, bruising due to uncontrolled bleeding under the skin)

30
Q

What is the closed circulatory system?

A

Double loop path of the blood throughout the human body
-once in its oxygenated state on its way to the body
-once more when it is deoxygenated and on its way to the lungs

31
Q

What are the two pathways of the close circulatory system?

A

Systemic and pulmonary circuit

32
Q

Explain the function of the systemic circuit

A

Carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle of the heart and returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

33
Q

What structures are part of the systemic circuit?

A

-Aorta, blood vessels leading to body tissues
-veins and venae cavae

34
Q

Explain the function of the pulmonary circuit

A

Contains the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs

35
Q

What is the pathway of the pulmonary circuit?

A

-Deoxygenated blood flows from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where blood picks up oxygen, then returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary vein

36
Q

What is the open circulatory system also called?

A

Lymphatic system

37
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

Network of capillaries that drains toxins and waste away from he body tissues into the blood and plays a vital role in monitoring and removing foreign entities in the body

38
Q

What is lymph?

A

Clear fluid (high in WBC) that absorbs waste products

39
Q

Where is lymph filtered?

A

Lymph nodes
-contains high concentrations of lymphocytes

40
Q

Where is lymph drained?

A

Subclavian veins

41
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

Period between the start of one heartbeat and the beginning of the next

42
Q

Does cardiac muscle rely on neural stimulation to initiate a contraction?

A

No

43
Q

Can cardiac muscle generate and conduct its own electrical impulses and contract on its own?

A

Yes

44
Q

What are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle?

A

Systole (contraction)
Diastole (relaxation)

45
Q

What happens during systole? (Cardiovascular regulation)

A

Contraction forces the blood to move from the chamber either into another heart chamber or into an artery.

46
Q

What happens during atrial systole?

A

Contraction moves blood into the relaxed ventricles

47
Q

What happens during ventricular systole?

A

Blood pumped into the aorta or the pulmonary artery once the pressure of contraction opens the semilunar valves

48
Q

What happens during diastole (cardiovascular regulation)?

A

The heart muscle relaxes and the chambers are passively filled with blood

49
Q

What is responsible for the “lub-dub” sound of the heartbeat?

A

Alternating closures of the atrioventricular and semilunar valve

TEAs (science) (11 decks)

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