Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Supplies oxygen and nutrients to every living cell throughout the body by orchestrated movement of blood and lymph

Question 2

What structures are part of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

Question 3

What is the function of the heart?

Answer 3

Propels blood through the circulatory system

Question 4

What are the different chambers of the heart? (4)

Answer 4

Right and left atria
Right and left ventricles

Question 5

What is the function of the atria?

Answer 5

Receives blood returning from the heart from other areas of the body

Question 6

What is the function of the ventricles?

Answer 6

Collects and expels blood from the heart

Question 7

What separates the atria and ventricles?

Answer 7

Atrioventricular valves

Right: Tricuspid valve
Left: mitral valve (bicuspid valve)

Question 8

What are the 3 major types of blood vessels?

Answer 8

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

Question 9

What are the characteristics of arteries?

Answer 9

Strong elastic vessels

Adapted to the high pressure of blood as it leaves the heart

Question 10

What are the smaller branches of arteries called and where do they supply their blood??

Answer 10

Arterioles
-supplies to the smallest blood vessels called capillaries

Question 11

Why do capillaries consist of just a single layer of epithelial tissue?

Answer 11

Allows for substances and gases to be exchanged between the blood and the cells of tissues via diffusion

Question 12

What is the largest artery in the body?

Answer 12

Aorta

Question 13

How does blood return to the heart?

Answer 13

From capillaries via venules (merge to form veins)

Question 14

Why are veins thinner that arteries?

Answer 14

Veins do not have to carry blood under high pressure

Question 15

What prevents the backflow of blood in veins?

Answer 15

Valves

Question 16

What is the largest vein in the body? Function?

Answer 16

Inferior vena cava
-brings deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 17

Which vein brings blood from the lungs to the heart?

Answer 17

Pulmonary vein

Question 18

What is the function of blood?

Answer 18

Transports oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removes wastes products (carbon dioxide and ammonia)

Question 19

What are the 4 main components of blood?

Answer 19

Reb blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma

Question 20

What is plasma? Components?

Answer 20

Liquid component of blood that account for approximately half the blood volume (55%)
-proteins and electrolytes

Question 21

What is the second greatest component of blood by volume?

Answer 21

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Question 22

What is the functional unit of a erythrocyte?

Answer 22

Hemoglobin

Question 23

What is a hemoglobin?

Answer 23

An iron containing protein that facilitates gas exchange by binding to oxygen or carbon dioxide

Question 24

What is Anemia?

Answer 24

Condition that occurs when hemoglobin levels are low

Question 25

What would cause an anemia?

Answer 25

Iron deficiency Body not producing enough RBCs Sickle cell trait

Question 26

Which blood cells are part of the body’s immune response?

Answer 26

White blood cells/leukocytes

Question 27

What is the function of WBC/leukocytes?

Answer 27

Removes pathogens and foreign material from the blood

Question 28

What are platelets?

Answer 28

Cell fragments that prevent bleeding by developing blood clots

Question 29

What occurs if you have too little platelets ?

Answer 29

thrombocytopenia -condition that can result in excessive external bleeding (nosebleeds, bruising due to uncontrolled bleeding under the skin)

Question 30

What is the closed circulatory system?

Answer 30

Double loop path of the blood throughout the human body -once in its oxygenated state on its way to the body -once more when it is deoxygenated and on its way to the lungs

Question 31

What are the two pathways of the close circulatory system?

Answer 31

Systemic and pulmonary circuit

Question 32

Explain the function of the systemic circuit

Answer 32

Carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle of the heart and returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Question 33

What structures are part of the systemic circuit?

Answer 33

-Aorta, blood vessels leading to body tissues -veins and venae cavae

Question 34

Explain the function of the pulmonary circuit

Answer 34

Contains the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs

Question 35

What is the pathway of the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 35

-Deoxygenated blood flows from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where blood picks up oxygen, then returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary vein

Question 36

What is the open circulatory system also called?

Answer 36

Lymphatic system

Question 37

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 37

Network of capillaries that drains toxins and waste away from he body tissues into the blood and plays a vital role in monitoring and removing foreign entities in the body

Question 38

What is lymph?

Answer 38

Clear fluid (high in WBC) that absorbs waste products

Question 39

Where is lymph filtered?

Answer 39

Lymph nodes -contains high concentrations of lymphocytes

Question 40

Where is lymph drained?

Answer 40

Subclavian veins

Question 41

What is the cardiac cycle?

Answer 41

Period between the start of one heartbeat and the beginning of the next

Question 42

Does cardiac muscle rely on neural stimulation to initiate a contraction?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

Can cardiac muscle generate and conduct its own electrical impulses and contract on its own?

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

What are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 44

Systole (contraction) Diastole (relaxation)

Question 45

What happens during systole? (Cardiovascular regulation)

Answer 45

Contraction forces the blood to move from the chamber either into another heart chamber or into an artery.

Question 46

What happens during atrial systole?

Answer 46

Contraction moves blood into the relaxed ventricles

Question 47

What happens during ventricular systole?

Answer 47

Blood pumped into the aorta or the pulmonary artery once the pressure of contraction opens the semilunar valves

Question 48

What happens during diastole (cardiovascular regulation)?

Answer 48

The heart muscle relaxes and the chambers are passively filled with blood

Question 49

What is responsible for the “lub-dub” sound of the heartbeat?

Answer 49

Alternating closures of the atrioventricular and semilunar valve