Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the 2 main divisions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

-axial and appendicular skeleton

Question 2

What are the 4 main types of bone?

Answer 2

Long

Short

Flat

Irregular

Question 3

What bones are part of the axial skeleton?

Answer 3

Skull, vertebrae, rib cage, hyoid bone

Question 4

What bones are part of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 4

Limb bones, scapula, clavicle, pelvis

Question 5

What are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 5

Synovial

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Question 6

Movement of synovial joints and examples

Answer 6

Ball and socket, hinge, and pivot joints (knee, elbow, hip, shoulder)

Question 7

Movement of fibrous joints and examples

Answer 7

Not movable ( Joints of the bones in the skull)

Question 8

Movement of cartilaginous joints and examples

Answer 8

When two bones meet at a connection made of cartilage and are partially movable (joints between vertebrae in the spine)

Question 9

What are do ligaments connect?

Answer 9

Bone to bone

Question 10

What do tendons connect?

Answer 10

Muscles to bone

Question 11

What are the 2 main types of bone tissue?

Answer 11

Spongy

Compact

Question 12

Characteristics/location of spongy bone

Answer 12

Less dense

Contains bone marrow

Located at the ends of bone

Question 13

Function of bone marrow

Answer 13

Site of RBC (erythrocyte) and lymphocyte production

Question 14

Characteristics of compact bone

Answer 14

Dense

Supports the body and stores calcium

Question 15

Structure of the long bone

Answer 15

Diaphysis

Epiphysis

Periosteum

Epiphyseal plate

Question 16

What is the diaphysis (long bone) ?

Answer 16

Characterized as the cylindrical shaft of the long bone

Composed of compact bone which surrounds a hollow cavity containing bone marrow

Question 17

What is the epiphysis (long bone)

Answer 17

Dilated ends of the long bone

Composed of spongy bone surrounding a layer of compact bone

Question 18

What is the epiphyseal plate (long bone)?

Answer 18

Located between the diaphysis and epiphysis

The growth plate that is the site of new bone growth

Question 19

What is the periosteum?

Answer 19

Fibrous sheath the surrounds and protects the bone

Question 20

What is the function of osteoblasts?

Answer 20

Builds bone

Question 21

What is the function of osteoclasts?

Answer 21

Break bone down

Question 22

What are osteocytes?

Answer 22

Type of bone cell

Responsible for sensing mechanical stress and regulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 23

Are bones vascularized (what does that mean)?

Answer 23

Yes; is supplied blood

Question 24

What are osteons?

Answer 24

Cynlindrical structures comprised of concentric rings of a mineralized matrix known as lamellae

Question 25

What are the Haversian canals?

Answer 25

Run down the center of osteons and contain blood vessels that provide nutrients to the bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes)

Question 26

What are the volkmann canals ?

Answer 26

Connect the Haversian cells, enabling nutrient exchange between osteons

Question 27

What are some diseases of the bone?

Answer 27

Osteoporosis Osteogenesis imperfects Osteoarthritis