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TEAs (science) > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 main divisions of the skeletal system?

A

-axial and appendicular skeleton

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2
Q

What are the 4 main types of bone?

A

Long

Short

Flat

Irregular

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3
Q

What bones are part of the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, vertebrae, rib cage, hyoid bone

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4
Q

What bones are part of the appendicular skeleton?

A

Limb bones, scapula, clavicle, pelvis

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A

Synovial

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

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6
Q

Movement of synovial joints and examples

A

Ball and socket, hinge, and pivot joints (knee, elbow, hip, shoulder)

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7
Q

Movement of fibrous joints and examples

A

Not movable ( Joints of the bones in the skull)

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8
Q

Movement of cartilaginous joints and examples

A

When two bones meet at a connection made of cartilage and are partially movable (joints between vertebrae in the spine)

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9
Q

What are do ligaments connect?

A

Bone to bone

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10
Q

What do tendons connect?

A

Muscles to bone

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11
Q

What are the 2 main types of bone tissue?

A

Spongy

Compact

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12
Q

Characteristics/location of spongy bone

A

Less dense

Contains bone marrow

Located at the ends of bone

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13
Q

Function of bone marrow

A

Site of RBC (erythrocyte) and lymphocyte production

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14
Q

Characteristics of compact bone

A

Dense

Supports the body and stores calcium

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15
Q

Structure of the long bone

A

Diaphysis

Epiphysis

Periosteum

Epiphyseal plate

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16
Q

What is the diaphysis (long bone) ?

A

Characterized as the cylindrical shaft of the long bone

Composed of compact bone which surrounds a hollow cavity containing bone marrow

17
Q

What is the epiphysis (long bone)

A

Dilated ends of the long bone

Composed of spongy bone surrounding a layer of compact bone

18
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate (long bone)?

A

Located between the diaphysis and epiphysis

The growth plate that is the site of new bone growth

19
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

Fibrous sheath the surrounds and protects the bone

20
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts?

A

Builds bone

21
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

Break bone down

22
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Type of bone cell

Responsible for sensing mechanical stress and regulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

23
Q

Are bones vascularized (what does that mean)?

A

Yes; is supplied blood

24
Q

What are osteons?

A

Cynlindrical structures comprised of concentric rings of a mineralized matrix known as lamellae

25
Q

What are the Haversian canals?

A

Run down the center of osteons and contain blood vessels that provide nutrients to the bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes)

26
Q

What are the volkmann canals ?

A

Connect the Haversian cells, enabling nutrient exchange between osteons

27
Q

What are some diseases of the bone?

A

Osteoporosis

Osteogenesis imperfects

Osteoarthritis

TEAs (science) (11 decks)

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