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TEAs (science) > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

Consists of multiple organs that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to control body processes and maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

What are the 2 main classes of hormones?

A

Peptide and steroid hormones

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of peptide hormones?

A

Water soluble and can bind to receptors on the surface of target cells
-induce a signaling cascade that leads to a rapid, but short lived response

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of steroid hormones?

A

Fat soluble and can pass freely through the plasma membrane and bind to receptors inside the cell
-induce changes in cellular gene expression (long lasting)

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5
Q

What two response loops maintain homeostasis ?

A

Positive feedback loop: response to a deviation that leads to a larger response

negative feedback loop (most common): response to deviation that the end product leads to the production of less product

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6
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

(Master regulatory gland)
Link between nervous system and endocrine system by releasing hormones that control other endocrine glands in response to different stimuli

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7
Q

Which two hormones are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland?(functions)

A

Oxytocin: stimulates uterine contractions during labor

Vasopressin (ADH): induces water reabsorption in the kidney

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8
Q

What hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Prolactin
Endorphins
Growth hormone

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9
Q

What are direct hormones?

A

Stimulate a response directly at a target organ
-PEG

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10
Q

What are tropic hormones?

A

Induce hormone release by other glands
-(FLAT)

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11
Q

What is the function of Follicle stimulating hormones?

A

In females: induces the maturation of ovarian follicle

In males: stimulates spermatogenesis

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12
Q

WHat is the function of Lutenizing Hormone? (LH)

A

In females: induces ovulation

Males: stimulates testosterone production

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13
Q

What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormones? (ACTH)

A

Stimulate the adrenal glands to release hormones

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14
Q

What is the function of thyroid-stimulating hormone? (TSH)

A

Stimulates the thyroid gland to release hormones

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15
Q

What is the function of prolactin?

A

Induces milk production at the mammary glands in females

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16
Q

What is the function of endorphins?

A

Inhibits the perception of pain

17
Q

What is the function of growth hormones?

A

Induces growth of the body and increases metabolic rate

18
Q

Where is the pineal gland located and what hormone does it secrete?

A

Location:center of the brain

Hormone: melatonin

19
Q

What is the function of melatonin?

A

Regulates sleep cycles
-governed by light-dark cycles

20
Q

The parathyroid gland releases what kind of hormone?

A

Parathyroid hormone

21
Q

What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

A

Released in response to low blood calcium
-induces breakdown of bone to increase blood calcium levels

22
Q

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

A

Absorbs iodine

Produces thyroid hormones (T3, T4) when stimulated by TSH

Releases calcitonin

23
Q

What is the function of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4?

A

Regulate metabolic rate

24
Q

What is the function of calcitonin?

A

Responds to high blood calcium levels and induces the storage of calcium in bone (reduces blood calcium)

25
Q

What causes hypothyroidism? Symptoms?

A

Insufficient thyroid hormone production
-weight gain, fatigue, cold intolerance

26
Q

What causes hyperthyroidism? Symptoms?

A

Overproduction of thyroid hormones
-weight loss, hyperactivity, and heat tolerance

27
Q

The pancreas is responsible for regulating what in the blood? What hormones are secreted?

A

Blood glucose
-insulin, glucagon

28
Q

What is the function of insulin?

A

Released in response to high blood glucose
-induces the storage of glucose in glycogen and stimulates glucose uptake by the cells

29
Q

What is the function of glucagon?

A

Released in response to low blood glucose
-induces the release of glucose from glycogen stores and gluconeogenesis

30
Q

What causes diabetes?

A

An insufficient secretion of insulin which leads to abnormally high blood glucose levels

31
Q

What are the 2 types of Diabetes?

A

Type 1: caused by damage to cells (beta) that produce insulin and must be treated with administration of exogenous insulin

Type 2: caused by insulin resistance:body still produces insulin but the cells are unable to respond

32
Q

THe adrenal glands are composed of what two divisions?

A

Outer cortex

Inner medulla

33
Q

The adrenal medulla secretes what hormone?

A

Epinephrine: induces flight or flight response

34
Q

The adrenal cortex secretes what hormones?

A

Secretes hormones that regulate salt and sugar balance in the body including aldosterone (salt balance)

35
Q

What two hormones are produces in the ovaries? (Functions?)

A

Estrogen: leads to development of secondary female sex characteristics

Progesterone:maintains uterine wall

36
Q

The testes produces what hormone? (Function)

A

Testosterone: induces male sexual differentiation in utero and the development of secondary male sex characteristics during puberty

TEAs (science) (11 decks)

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