Human Anatomy And Physio (Overview) Flashcards
What is the function of ribosomes?
-Protein Synthesis
-Composes of ribosomal RNA and protein and translate messenger RNA into cellular proteins
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- protein translation
-studded with ribosomes and site of translation for membrane bound or secreted proteins
-also site of protein folding and modification
Function of the Golgi Apparatus
-protein sorting and modification (post office)
What is the function of the nucleolus?
-Ribosome assembly
-transcribes ribosomal RNA and combines ribosomal proteins to create the large and small ribosomal subunits
What is the function of lysosomes?
-Acidic compartments that contain hydrolytic enzymes and responsible for breaking down cellular waste
-cellular defenses against pathogens and apoptosis
What is the function of the mitochondria?
-powerhouse of the cell that produces ATP through aerobic respiration
What is the function of the centrosome?
-organizes the microtubules of the cell (cell organization)
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
-detoxification (alcohol and drugs) and lipid synthesis(lipids phospholipids and steroids)
-in muscle cells, functions as a storage site for calcium
What is the function of Cilia?
-locomotion
-increases cell surface area to maximize absorption
What are the 4 major tissue types found in the body?
Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
-provides covering (skin tissue) or produce secretions (glandular tissue)
-exists in sheets
-avascular
What are the functions of connective tissue?
-connects and supports different structures of the body
-vascular
-ex. Bone, cartilage, adipose, blood vessels
What are the functions of muscular tissue?(how many types)
-dedicated to producing movement
-3 types (skeletal, cardiac, smooth)
What are the functions of nervous tissue?
-provides structure for the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
-made up of specialized cells called neurons that send electrical impulses throughout the body
What are the components of the respiratory system?
-nose, throat, lungs
What is the general function of the respiratory system?
- take in O2 and releases CO2
What are the components of the digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine
What is the general function of the digestive system?
Breaks down foods into nutrients that can be absorbed
What are the components of the immune system?
Spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes
What are the general functions of the immune system?
Protects the body from foreign pathogens
What are the components of the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal glands, thyroid, pancreas, testes, ovaries
What are the functions of the endocrine system?
Produces and secretes hormones to control bodily processes (glucose regulation, sleep cycles, and gametogenesis)
What are the components of the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
What are the functions of the urinary system?
Filters blood and eliminates waste through urine
