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TEAs (science) > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the immune system?

A

Protects our bodies from foreign pathogens (infectious agents)

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2
Q

What organs make up the immune system?

A

Spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus

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3
Q

What is the first line defense against infection?

A

Physical barriers
-skin

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4
Q

The 2 types of immune responses

A

Innate and adaptive

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5
Q

Characteristics of the innate immune response

A

Quick to respond

Not specific to individual pathogens

Does not form memory cells

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6
Q

Characteristics of the adaptive immune response

A

Slow to respond

Specifically targets a pathogen and forms memory cells

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7
Q

Skin characteristics

A

3-5 pH
-discourages replication of moth pathogens

Inhabited by flora

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8
Q

What is flora?

A

Nonpathogenic microbes that compete for resources and thus prevent pathogen occupancy

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9
Q

What are other barriers of infection other than integumentary system?

A

Respiratory and digestive systems

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10
Q

What are some examples of chemical barriers to infection?

A

Saliva, tears, mucus

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11
Q

What does saliva, tears and mucous contain prevents infection?

A

Lysozymes
-degrade bacterial cell walls and causes them to lyse/ burst

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12
Q

What are antimicrobial peptides?

A

Molecules Secreted by cells into the bloodstream that target and kill many bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens to prevent infection

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13
Q

What is an interferon?

A

A small chemical messenger that is secreted when a cell becomes infected to signal nearby cells the presence of a foreign pathogen and activate innate defense in those cells

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14
Q

What are granulocytes?

A

Cells of the innate immune system that contain reactive oxygen compounds and cytokines in their cytoplasm
-basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

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15
Q

What is function of basophils?

A

Responsible for releasing histamine and mediating allergic reactions
-part of innate immune system

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16
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

responsible for killing parasites
-part of innate immune system

17
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

Responsible for phagocytosing bacteria and medicating inflammatory responses.
-part of innate immune system
-most common granulocytes

18
Q

What occurs during inflammation?

A

Process that leads to swelling, produces fever, and recruit immune cells

19
Q

What is a dendritic cell?

A

A phagocytic cell that kills extracellular pathogens
-recognizes PAMPs

Presents antigens (effective)

20
Q

What are pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

A

Common proteins and carbohydrates found on the surface of pathogens that are not specific to one antigen

21
Q

What are the functions of macrophages?

A

Digest dying cells

Present antigen (not as effective as dendritic cells

-part of innate immune system

22
Q

What are natural killer (NK) cells?

A

Attack and kill cells that constrain intracellular pathogens or display abnormal surface antigens
-Part of innate immune system

23
Q

What kind of cells make up the adaptive immune system?

A

T and B cells

24
Q

What is a T cell?

A

Born in the bone marrow and matured in the thymus
-part of adaptive immune system

25
Q

T cells can mature into what kind of cells?

A

Helper T cells or cytotoxic T cells

26
Q

What is a helper T cell?

A

Activates other adaptive immune cells (cytotoxic T and B cells)

27
Q

What virus targets Helper T cells?

A

HIV, which is responsible to AIDS
-leads to loss of immune function

28
Q

What is the function of cytotoxic T cells?

A

Kills a host cell that expresses a foreign antigen
-are antigen specific meaning they will only kill a cell that displays the single antigen they were primed to recognize

29
Q

What are B cells?

A

Born in and mature in the bone marrow

Develop into plasma cells and secrete antibodies (proteins that specifically bind to viral antigens)

30
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Proteins that specifically bind to viral antigens

31
Q

What is the complement system?

A

Composed of multiple proteins that are free floating in the blood that can be recruited by antibodies to cause cell lysis

32
Q

Active Immunity vs Passive immunity

A

Active: production of antibodies by plasma cells

Passive: introduction of antibodies from an external source (breastfeeding)

33
Q

What occurs during the depression of the immune system?

A

Leaves the body vulnerable to infection

34
Q

What occurs during an overactivation of the immune system?

A

Leads to the targeting of healthy host cells
-autoimmune disorders

TEAs (science) (11 decks)

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