The Red Eye Flashcards
name the most common cause for red eye
conjunctivitis
name 7 common causes of red eye
conjunctivitis keratitis anterior uveitis scleritis/episcleritis acute angle closure glaucoma
subconjunctival haemorrhage
orbital disease - cellulitis
name the 2 immunoglobulins present in the eyes tears
IgA and IgG
an ache like pain in the red eye radiating to the brow
where is the pathology?
intraocular such as uveitis
a foreign body sensation and grittiness like pain suggests the pathology is where?
extraocular
what is blepharitis?
inflamed eyelids
name the 2 types of blepharitis
anterior or posterior
name the 2 types of anterior blepharitis
seborrhoeic and staphylococcal
name the posterior blepharitis cause
meibomian gland dysfunction - MGD
a lid margin redder than the deeper part of the lid
anterior or posterior blepharitis?
anterior blepharitis
redness is in deeper part of lid - lid margin often quite normal looking
anterior or posterior blepharitis?
posterior blepharitis
blepharitis symptoms:
- similar to ______________
- ______ eyes
- _______ body sensation
- mild _________
- similar to CONJUNCTIVITIS
- GRITTY eyes
- FOREIGN body sensation
- mild DISCHARGE
scales and dandruff, no ulceration and unaffected lashes are seen in which type of anterior blepharitis?
seborrhoeic anterior blepharitis
what is seen in staphylococcal anterior blepharitis?
distorted, loss and ingrowing of lashes - trichiasis
styes and ulcers
corneal staining and marginal ulcers
what are the symptoms of meibomian gland disease?
MG openings pouting and swollen
dried secretion
meibomian cysts - chalazia
what condition is meibomian gland disease associated with?
acne rosacea
blepharitis treatment
lid hygiene
supplementary tear drops
oral doxycycline for posterior
conjunctivitis can be broken down into 2 - infective and other
name the 3 infective and 3 other causes of conjunctivitis
infective:
- viral
- bacterial
- chlamydial
other:
- allergic
- chemical/drug
- eczema
what is unaffected in conjunctivitis?
vision
name the symptoms of conjunctivitis
red eye
foreign body sensation
discharge
itch
red sticky eye
self limiting - clear in 14 days
topical antibiotics clear it faster
Staph. Aureus is most common cause
diagnosis?
acute bacterial conjunctivitis
name the causes of follicular conjunctivitis
viral
chlamydial (unilateral)
drug
name the nerve on the nose that can be affected in shingles and if it is involved, means the eye is at risk…
nasocilliary nerve
name the 3 layers of the cornea
epithelium
stroma
endothelium
corneal disease is also known as what?
keratitis
corneal ulcers affecting the centre of the cornea are _________ in nature whereas those affecting the periphery are __________ in nature
corneal ulcers affecting the centre of the cornea are INFECTIVE in nature whereas those affecting the periphery are AUTOIMMUNE in nature
name the infective causes of corneal ulcers
viral
fungal
bacterial
acanthamoeba
name the autoimmune cause of a corneal ulcer
rheumatoid arthritis
signs and symptoms of corneal ulcers
pain
photophobia
lacrimation
red eye - circumcorneal
staining with fluorescein
hypopyon
how do you identify the cause of a corneal ulcer?
corneal scrape for gram stain and culture
corneal ulcer treatment:
bacterial -
herpetic -
autoimmune -
bacterial - antimicrobial eg ofloxacin hourly
herpetic - acyclovir ointment 5x day
autoimmune - anti-inflammatory like a steroid oral or topical
anterior uveitis can be causes by what?
autoimmune conditions
infective conditions
malignancy
idiopathic
pain is referred to the eyebrow in anterior uveitis
true or false?
true
name the signs of anterior uveitis
ciliary injection cells and flare in ant. chamber keratic precipitates hypopyon synechiae - irregular pupil
anterior uveitis management
topical steroids
mydriatics
episcleritis is a common self limiting condition that is associated with what?
gout
scleritis is a _______ disease that is associated with systemic vasculitides such as __________ _________ and Wegeners - extremely painful
scleritis is a SERIOUS disease that is associated with systemic vasculitides such as RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and Wegeners - extremely painful
how do you differentiate between episcleritis and scleritis?
phenylephrine test
episcleritis - blanches
scleritis - does NOT blanch
episcleritis and scleritis treatment?
episcleritis - self limiting - lubricant
scleritis - oral NSAIDs, oral steroids, steroid sparing agents
rare acute IOP rise elderly hypermetropic severe pain nausea cloudy cornea eye like stone pupil dilated circumcorneal injection
diagnosis?
ac closed angle glaucoma
