Anatomy Flashcards
name the 2 holes above and below the orbit:
above:
below:
above: supraorbital notch/foramen
below: infraorbital foramen
the _______ plates of the ethmoid and frontal bone are seen in the bony orbit
the ORBITAL plates of the ethmoid and frontal bone are seen in the bony orbit
what walls of the bony orbit are likely to fracture with a direct blow to the eye?
medial and inferior as paper thin
what bone does the suspensory ligament of the eye attach to?
zygoma (laterally)
name the circular muscle that surrounds the eye
orbicularis occuli
orbital and palpebral parts
what sheet of fascia helps prevent spread of infection from superficial to deep?
orbital septum
what do the tarsal glands embossed in the tarsi secrete?
lipid
what is the iris covered in?
cornea
what is the white sclera covered by?
conjunctiva
what is the other name for the corneoscleral junction
limbus
what does the lacrimal gland produce?
lacrimal fluid
name the innervation of the lacrimal gland
parasympathetic CN VII
how many layers of the eye are there?
3
name the 3 layers of the eye
fibrous
uvea
retina
what is the outer layer of the eye called?
fibrous
what is the vascular layer of the eye called?
uvea
name the photosensitive layer of the eye
retina
name the 2 parts to the fibrous layer of the eye
sclera and cornea
name the 3 parts of the uvea
iris
ciliary body
choroid
name the 3 parts we need to learn of the retina
macula
optic disc
retina
the anterior segment is situated in front of the ____ and has both an ________ and _________ chamber
the anterior segment is situated in front of the LENS and has both an ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR chamber
the anterior chamber of the eye is situated between what 2 structures?
cornea and iris
the posterior chamber of the eye is situated between what 2 structures?
iris and suspensory ligaments
what does the anterior chamber contain?
aqueous humour
what does the posterior chamber contain?
aqueous humour
the posterior segment is situated behind the ____ and contains ________ body - this is a common location for ‘________’
the posterior segment is situated behind the LENS and contains VITREOUS body - this is a common location for ‘FLOATERS’
outline the circulation of aqueous humour:
- where is it synthesised?
- where does it then circulate?
- what does it then pass through?
- where is it then reabsorbed?
outline the circulation of aqueous humour:
- synthesised in ciliary body
- then circulates within posterior chamber nourishing lens
- then passes through pupil entering the anterior chamber to nourish cornea
- then reabsorbed into scleral venous sinus via Canal of Schlemm at iridocorneal angle
the ophthalmic artery is a branch of which artery?
the internal carotid artery
name the other artery branches of the internal carotid artery that is important to the eye
ciliary arteries
the macula has the greatest density of _____
the macula has the greatest density of CONES
the fovea is seen at the ______ of the macula and is _________. this is the area of most acute vision.
the fovea is seen at the CENTRE of the macula and is DEPRESSED. this is the area of most acute vision.
name the 3 layers of the retina from anterior to posterior:
1.
2.
3.
name the 3 layers of the retina from anterior to posterior:
- axons of ganglion cells
- ganglion cells
- photoreceptors
where are there no photoreceptors and so termed the ‘blind spot’?
optic disc
interruption of flow of the central artery (end artery) results in _________ _________ whereas interruption of flow in the retinal artery branch results in loss of an ____ of _____ _____
interruption of flow of the central artery (end artery) results in MONOCULAR BLINDNESS whereas interruption of flow in the retinal artery branch results in loss of an AREA of VISUAL FIELD
name the 4 rectus muscles of the eye
superior rectus
inferior rectus
medial rectus
lateral rectus
name the 2 oblique muscles
superior oblique
inferior oblique
name the muscle responsible for lifting the upper eyelid
levator palpebrae superioris
name the ‘down and out’ muscle
superior oblique
name the innervation for the following muscles:
superior rectus - inferior rectus - medial rectus - lateral rectus - superior oblique - inferior oblique - levator palpebrae superioris -
superior rectus - CN III inferior rectus - CN III medial rectus - CN III lateral rectus - CN VI superior oblique - CN IV inferior oblique - CN III levator palpebrae superioris - CN III
name the muscle that an ONLY abduct the eye and name is innervation
lateral rectus - CN VI
when in abduction, the ________ ______ muscle can only elevate
when in abduction, the SUPERIOR RECTUS muscle can only elevate
name the muscle that an ONLY adduct the eye and name is innervation
medical rectus - CN III
when in abduction, the ________ ______ muscle can only depress
when in abduction, the INFERIOR RECTUS muscle can only depress
when in adduction, the ________ ______ muscle can only elevate
when in adduction, the INFERIOR OBLIQUE muscle can only elevate
when in adduction, the ________ ______ muscle can only depress
when in adduction, the SUPERIOR OBLIQUE muscle can only depress
