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Ophthalmology > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the immune system?

A

to identify and eliminate harmful microorganisms and harmful substances

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2
Q

name the 2 types of immunity

A

innate - first line

adaptive - acquired

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3
Q

which type of immunity has memory?

A

adaptive immune response

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4
Q

does the eye have a barrier?

A

not really - no skin

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5
Q

name some solutions that eye has to tackle harmful organisms

A

blink reflex
physical and chemical properties
limited exposure and size

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6
Q

name some chemicals present in the eyes tears

A 
lysozyme
lactoferrin and transferrin
lipids
angiogenin
secretory IgA
complement 
IL-6, IL-8. MIP
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7
Q

name some cells present in the eyes tears

A

neutrophils
macrophages
conjunctival mast cells

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8
Q

what 3 things does the adaptive immune system require?

A
  1. antigen presenting cells
  2. lymphatic drainage
  3. effector cells
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9
Q

what is the principle APC for the external eye?

A

langerhans cells

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10
Q

name the class of MHC molecule langerhans cels are rich in

A

class II MHC

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11
Q

where on the eye are langerhans cells abundant?

A

corneal-scleral limbus

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12
Q

name the only part of the eye with lymphatic drainage

A

conjunctiva

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13
Q

name the part of the eye:

avascular
no lymphatics
lack of APCs

A

cornea and sclera

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14
Q

where are there more plasma cells (IgA) and CD8+ T cells compared to the conjunctiva?

A

lacrimal glands

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15
Q

has the vitreous, choroid and retina got a good or bad immune response?

A

bad - lack of APCs

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16
Q

define immune privilege

A

certain sites of the body (eyes) that are able to tolerate the introduction of antigens without eliciting an inflammatory immune response

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17
Q

name the sites in the eye that are immune privileged

A

cornea, anterior chamber, lens, vitreous cavity, sub retinal space

18
Q

what does ACAID stand for?

A

anterior chamber associated immune deviation

19
Q

what does ACAID do?

A

ACAID protects the eye and visual axis from the collateral damage of an immune response to infection by suppressing a future potentially damaging response to infection.

20
Q

immunological ignorance:

A

Corneal cells have ↓ expression of MHC Class I molecules and do not express MHC Class II molecules

21
Q

name the are, bilateral, granulomatous uveitis condition due to trauma (more common) or surgery (less common) to one eye

A

sympathetic ophthalmia

due to an autoimmune reaction to ocular antigens at event

22
Q

name the primary mediator in sympathetic ophthalmia including both the initial and later waves

A

T cells overall

initial wave: CD4+ Th cells
later wave: CD8+ Tc cells

23
Q

name the ocular autoimmune disease:

inflammation of uvea & retina

A

autoimmune uveoretinitis

24
Q

name the ocular autoimmune disease:

epithelial cell clusters in retinal layers

A

Dalen-Fuchs nodule

25
Q

name the ocular autoimmune disease:

dry eyes

A

keratoconjunctivits sicca

26
Q

name the ocular autoimmune disease:

reaction due to release of lens products

A

lens-induced uveitis

27
Q

name the ocular autoimmune disease:

common in retinopathy associated with cancer/infection/degenerative disease

A

retina autoantibodies

28
Q

name the ocular autoimmune disease:

bilateral granulomatous uveitis

A

sympathetic ophthalmia

29
Q

what is the classification of a direct cell killing reaction?

A

type II

30
Q

what is the classification of an immune complex mediated reaction?

A

type III

31
Q

mast cells express receptors for __ region of Ig_ antibody on their surface

A

mast cells express receptors for Fc region of IgE antibody on their surface

32
Q

acute allergic conjunctivitis is which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

type I

33
Q

what does chemises mean?

A

oedema of the conjunctiva

34
Q

ocular cicatricial pemphigoid is which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

type II

35
Q

autoimmune corneal melting is which classification of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

type III

36
Q

which type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in corneal graft rejection?

A

graft IV

37
Q

name the 2 ocular side effects of steroid use?

A

cataracts

steroid-induced glaucoma

38
Q

which part of the eye is deficient in Langerhans cells?

A

central cornea

39
Q

what 3 things can kill cells?

A

macrophages
NK cells
complement - MAC

40
Q

what produces antigen-specific IgE antibody?

A

B cells

Ophthalmology (13 decks)

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