Immunology Flashcards
what is the purpose of the immune system?
to identify and eliminate harmful microorganisms and harmful substances
name the 2 types of immunity
innate - first line
adaptive - acquired
which type of immunity has memory?
adaptive immune response
does the eye have a barrier?
not really - no skin
name some solutions that eye has to tackle harmful organisms
blink reflex
physical and chemical properties
limited exposure and size
name some chemicals present in the eyes tears
lysozyme lactoferrin and transferrin lipids angiogenin secretory IgA complement IL-6, IL-8. MIP
name some cells present in the eyes tears
neutrophils
macrophages
conjunctival mast cells
what 3 things does the adaptive immune system require?
- antigen presenting cells
- lymphatic drainage
- effector cells
what is the principle APC for the external eye?
langerhans cells
name the class of MHC molecule langerhans cels are rich in
class II MHC
where on the eye are langerhans cells abundant?
corneal-scleral limbus
name the only part of the eye with lymphatic drainage
conjunctiva
name the part of the eye:
avascular
no lymphatics
lack of APCs
cornea and sclera
where are there more plasma cells (IgA) and CD8+ T cells compared to the conjunctiva?
lacrimal glands
has the vitreous, choroid and retina got a good or bad immune response?
bad - lack of APCs
define immune privilege
certain sites of the body (eyes) that are able to tolerate the introduction of antigens without eliciting an inflammatory immune response
name the sites in the eye that are immune privileged
cornea, anterior chamber, lens, vitreous cavity, sub retinal space
what does ACAID stand for?
anterior chamber associated immune deviation
what does ACAID do?
ACAID protects the eye and visual axis from the collateral damage of an immune response to infection by suppressing a future potentially damaging response to infection.
immunological ignorance:
Corneal cells have ↓ expression of MHC Class I molecules and do not express MHC Class II molecules
name the are, bilateral, granulomatous uveitis condition due to trauma (more common) or surgery (less common) to one eye
sympathetic ophthalmia
due to an autoimmune reaction to ocular antigens at event
name the primary mediator in sympathetic ophthalmia including both the initial and later waves
T cells overall
initial wave: CD4+ Th cells
later wave: CD8+ Tc cells
name the ocular autoimmune disease:
inflammation of uvea & retina
autoimmune uveoretinitis
name the ocular autoimmune disease:
epithelial cell clusters in retinal layers
Dalen-Fuchs nodule
name the ocular autoimmune disease:
dry eyes
keratoconjunctivits sicca
name the ocular autoimmune disease:
reaction due to release of lens products
lens-induced uveitis
name the ocular autoimmune disease:
common in retinopathy associated with cancer/infection/degenerative disease
retina autoantibodies
name the ocular autoimmune disease:
bilateral granulomatous uveitis
sympathetic ophthalmia
what is the classification of a direct cell killing reaction?
type II
what is the classification of an immune complex mediated reaction?
type III
mast cells express receptors for __ region of Ig_ antibody on their surface
mast cells express receptors for Fc region of IgE antibody on their surface
acute allergic conjunctivitis is which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
type I
what does chemises mean?
oedema of the conjunctiva
ocular cicatricial pemphigoid is which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
type II
autoimmune corneal melting is which classification of hypersensitivity reaction?
type III
which type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in corneal graft rejection?
graft IV
name the 2 ocular side effects of steroid use?
cataracts
steroid-induced glaucoma
which part of the eye is deficient in Langerhans cells?
central cornea
what 3 things can kill cells?
macrophages
NK cells
complement - MAC
what produces antigen-specific IgE antibody?
B cells
