Eye and increased ICP

Question 1

what 4 things can cause increased ICP

Answer 1

1. head injury
2. space occupying lesion such as a tumour, abscess or haemorrhage
3. hydrocephalus
4. meningitis

Question 2

name the 3 layers surrounding the brain from superficial to deep

Answer 2

1. dura mater
2. arachnoid mater
3. pia mater

Question 3

the brain stem travels through the ________ notch

Answer 3

the brain stem travels through the TENTORIAL notch

Question 4

what are the ventricles of the brain filled with?

Answer 4

CSF

Question 5

name the 4 ventricles of the brain

Answer 5

1. (two) lateral ventricles
2. third ventricle
3. fourth ventricle

Question 6

the third ventricle is situated between _______

Answer 6

the third ventricle is situated between THALAMI

Question 7

what is the fourth ventricle situated between?

Answer 7

pons/medulla and cerebellum

Question 8

what connects the third and fourth ventricle?

Answer 8

cerebral aquaduct

Question 9

CSF circulation:

CSF is synthesised in the choroid ______ (4 ventricles) and then travels to the two _______ __________, through the interventricular _______ and into the _____ _________. once here, it then travel through the cerebral _________ and into the ______ ventricle. once here, it can take _ routes:

1. central canal of the spinal cord
2. ______ ________
3. two _______ apertures

when the CSF flows through numbers 1 and 2, it enters the ___________ space and into the arachnoid _____ before reaching the ________ ________ sinus to be reabsorbed into the _________ system

Answer 9

CSF circulation:

CSF is synthesised in the choroid PLEXUS (4 ventricles) and then travels to the two LATERAL VENTRICLES, through the interventricular FORAMEN and into the THIRD VENTRICLE. once here, it then travel through the cerebral AQUEDUCT and into the FOURTH ventricle. once here, it can take 3 routes:

1. central canal of the spinal cord
2. MEDIAN APERTURE
3. two LATERAL apertures

when the CSF flows through numbers 2 and 3, it enters the SUBARACHNOID space and into the arachnoid VILLI before reaching the SUPERIOR SAGITTAL sinus to be reabsorbed into the CIRCULATORY system

Question 10

name the 5 visual problems reported in a patient with raised ICP

Answer 10

1. blurred vision
2. double vision - diplopia
3. vision loss
4. papilloedema
5. pupillary changes

Question 11

define papilloedema

Answer 11

swelling of the optic disc, secondary to increased ICP

Question 12

the optic nerve is covered in what?

Answer 12

meninges

Question 13

what number of CN is the optic nerve?

Answer 13

CN II

Question 14

raised ICP, compresses the optic _____ and central _______ and ____ of the retina

Answer 14

raised ICP, compresses the optic DISC and central ARTERY and VEIN of the retina

Question 15

what is seen in a CN III palsy?

Answer 15

no/slow pupillary light defect
dilated pupil
ptosis
eye looking down and out

Question 16

in a CN IV palsy, the inferior ________ is unopposed and the eye cannot move _______________ and the patient has _________ when looking down

Answer 16

in a CN IV palsy, the inferior OBLIQUE is unopposed and the eye cannot move INFEROMEDIALLY and the patient has DIPLOPIA when looking down

Question 17

what muscle does the abducent nerve supply?

Answer 17

lateral rectus

Question 18

in an abducent nerve palsy, the eye cannot move __________ in the horizontal plane

Answer 18

in an abducent nerve palsy, the eye cannot move LATERALLY in the horizontal plane

Question 19

in an abducent nerve palsy, there is ______ deviation of the eye

Answer 19

in an abducent nerve palsy, there is MEDIAL deviation of the eye

Question 20

what CN is the abducent nerve?

Answer 20

CN VI