Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthalmology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

gram positive can be broken into what?

A

cocci and bacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gram negative can be broken into what?

A

cocci
cocci-bacilli
bacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name the 4 types of ‘itis’ in the eye

A

conjunctiva = conjunctivitis
cornea = keratitis
entire globe = endophthalmitis
skin/lymph = cellulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what 3 things can cause conjunctivitis?

A

bacteria
virus
chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Staph aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis all cause bacterial conjunctivitis in which age group?

A

neonates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what 3 common pathogens cause bacterial conjunctivitis in other ages of patients?

A

staph aureus
strep pneumoniae
haemophilus influenzae (kids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis treatment:

A

swab

chloramphenical qds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when should you avoid chloramphenicol?

A

history of aplastic anaemia or allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what 3 viruses cause viral conjunctivitis?

A

adenovirus
herpes simplex
herpes zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name the self limiting, contagious conjunctivitis that results in a watery eye?

A

adenoviral conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which viral conjunctivitis is common in the young with milk spots around the eye?

A

herpes simplex viral conjunctiviits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

herpes zoster if on the nose is affecting which nerve?

A

naso-ciliary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

suspect this in bilateral conjunctivitis in young adults unresponsive to treatments…

A

chlamydial conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is seen in chlamydial conjunctivitis on the subtarsal?

A

follicles and sub tarsal scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what 3 things cause microbial keratitis?

A

bacteria
viruses
fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is often seen in bacterial keratitis that is white at the bottom of the cornea?

A

hypopyon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bacterial keratitis treatment

A

admission for hourly drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what 2 viruses can cause microbial keratitis?

A

herpes or adenovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the hallmark of herpetic keratitis?

A

dendritic ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do you not treat dendritic ulcers in herpetic keratitis with?

A

STEROIDS!

cause corneal melt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is herpetic keratitis painful?

A

yes - very

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

subepithelial infiltrates are seen in which type of keratitis?

A

adenoviral keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

adenoviral keratitis normally follows what?

A

URTI

24
Q

adenoviral keratitis is contagious and is unilateral

true or false?

A

false

adenoviral keratitis is contagious and is BILATERAL

25
Q

name the 2 fungi causing keratitis

A

acanthamoeba and pseudomonas aeruginosa

26
Q

acanthamoeba is classically seen in patients with what?

A

contact lenses

27
Q 
painful on eye movements
proptosis
associated with paranasal sinusitis
pyrexial
sight threatening 
ENT
CT scan to identify orbital abscesses

diagnosis?

A

orbital cellulitis

28
Q

orbital cellulitis treatment?

A

broad spectrum antibiotic

abscess requires drainage

29
Q 
rare
red eye
sight and life threatening
very painful
infection inside of the eye

diagnosis?

A

endophthalmitis

30
Q

name the organisms that cause endophthalmitis

A

commensals - staph epidermidis

31
Q

name the treatment for endophthalmitis

A

Intravitreal amikacin/ceftazidime/vancomycin and topical antibiotics

32
Q

inflammation of the choroid and retina that is very very very rare

diagnosis?

A

chorioretinitis

33
Q

what 3 things can cause chorioretinitis?

A

CMV in AIDS
toxoplasma gondii
toxocara canis (worm)

34
Q

protozoan infection from cats and raw meat
mild flu like illness but can cause cysts in immunocompetent patients

diagnosis?

A

toxoplasmosis

35
Q

parasitic nematode - roundworm
affects cats and dogs
self limiting
form granulomas which can cause irreversible visual loss

diagnosis?

A

toxocara

36
Q

how do you diagnose bacterial keratitis?

A

corneal scrape

37
Q

how do you diagnose endophthalmitis?

A

aqueous/vitreous for culture

38
Q

how do you diagnose acanthamoeba?

A

microscopy/culture

39
Q

how do you diagnose toxoplasma and toxocara?

A

serology

40
Q

how do you diagnose bacterial, chlamydial and viral conjunctivitis?

A

swab

41
Q

outline the 3 ways that antibiotics work

A
  1. inhibit protein synthesis
  2. inhibit cell wall synthesis
  3. inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
42
Q

name the most commonly used topical antibiotic

A

chloramphenicol

43
Q

name the 2 and 1 organisms that chloramphenicol is both bactericidal and becterostatic for respectively

A

bactericidal - strep and haemophilus

bacteriostatic - staph

44
Q

what enzyme does chloramphenicol inhibit?

A

peptide transferase enzyme

45
Q

what are the 3 side effects of chloramphenicol

A

allergy
irreversibel aplastic anaemia
grey baby syndrome

46
Q

name the 2 antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

penicillins and cephalosporins - have common B lactam ring

47
Q

an infecting lacrimal sac leading to tears collecting and become stagnant and infected is called what?

A

dacrocystitis

48
Q

name the antibiotic that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

A

quinolone - ofloxacin

49
Q

chloramphenicol treats most bacteria except what?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

50
Q

what does fusidic acid treat?

A

staph. aureus

51
Q

what antibiotic treats gram negative bacteria?

A

gentamicin

52
Q

name the antiviral that inhibits viral DNA synthesis and is used for dendritic ulcers of the cornea

A

aciclovir

53
Q

what is topical oxytetracycline used for?

A

chlamydial conjunctivitis

54
Q

in bacterial keratitis, name the antibiotic that treats most Gram negative bacteria including coliforms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae. Not active vs. Strep. pneumoniae

A

a 4-quinolone such as ofloxacin

55
Q

in bacterial keratitis, name the antibiotic combination that will treat most Gram positive and Gram negative organisms

A

gentamicina and cefuroxime

Ophthalmology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions