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Science > The reactivity series 2- Chemistry Paper1 > Flashcards

The reactivity series 2- Chemistry Paper1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name all the metals in the Reactivity series, in order of most reactive to least reactive

A 
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium 
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen 
Copper
Silver
Gold
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2
Q

What are the most reactive elements in the Reactivity series ?

A

Potassium, sodium, lithium

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3
Q

What are the least reactive elements in the Reactivity series ?

A

Copper, silver, then gold

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4
Q

What does ZIT stand for

A

Zinc
Iron
Tin

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5
Q

Which elements in the Reactivity series have a greater tendency to lose electrons, be oxidized and form ions?

A

Potassium,sodium and lithium

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6
Q

Which elements in the Reactivity series have a lesser tendency to lose electrons, be oxidized and form ions?

A

Copper, silver and gold

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7
Q

Why are carbon and hydrogen in the Reactivity series even though they’re not metals?

A

So you can compare how reactive metals are in relation to them

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8
Q

What metal in the Reactivity series slowly turns black when exposed to oxygen ?

A

Silver

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9
Q

What are the only known reactions of gold?

A

With concentrated nitric acid and with hydrochloric acid

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10
Q

The higher a metal is in the Reactivity series….

A

the more easily it reacts with acid or water over a set period of time . If you use the same mass and surface area of metal each time , then the more reactive the metal, the greater the temperature change should be.

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11
Q

Acid + metal->

A

Salt + hydrogen

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12
Q

How can you see how reactive a metal is ?

A

By monitoring the rate of hydrogen production when they react with an acid. The more reactive a metal is , the faster the reaction will go

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13
Q

How is the speed of reaction indicated during the metal and acid reaction ?

A

The speed of reaction is indicated by the rate at which bubbles of hydrogen are given off . The faster the reaction the quicker bubbles will be given off.

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14
Q

How do very reactive metals like the alkalis react with acid ?

A

Explosively

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15
Q

How do less reactive metals like magnesium, zinc and iron react with acid?

A

Less violently. And, copper won’t react with cold, dilute acids

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16
Q

What is the burning splint test used to detect ?

A

The prescence of hydrogen . A lit splint is put at the mouth of the tube containing the metal and the acid . If hydrogen is there, you’ll here a ‘squeaky pop’. The more reactive the metal, the more hydrogen is produced in a certain amount of time and the louder the ‘squeaky pop’

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17
Q

Hydrochloric acid + magnesium ->

A

Magnesium chloride + hydrogen

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18
Q

Where does the first part of the name of the salt come from ?

A

The metal

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19
Q

Where does the second part of the name of the salt come from ?

A

The acid that’s being used

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20
Q

What salts does hydrochloric acid produce ?

A

Chloride salts

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21
Q

What salts does sulfuric acid produce ?

A

Sulfate salts

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22
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction with an acid and a metal oxide/hydroxide?

A

acid + metal oxide/hydroxide -> salt + water

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23
Q

What are bases?

A

Substances that react with acids in neutralisation reactions. All metal oxides and hydroxides are bases

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24
Q

hydrochloric acid + copper oxide ->

A

copper chloride + water

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25
Q

What are metal carbonates?

A

bases

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26
Q

What is the word equation for metal carbonates and acids?

A

metal carbonate + acid -> metal salt + carbon dioxide + water

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27
Q

How do you make soluble salts from acids and insoluble bases?

A

1) Out the acid in a beaker and gently warm the dilute acid over a bunsen burner.
2) Add the insoluble reactant(the metal oxide or metal carbonate) and and stir- it will form a soluble product in the acid as it reacts.
3) Keep adding the insoluble reactant until it is in excess. We’ll know when this is because there will be some of the reactant left over that won’t react ( all the acid has been neutralised)
4) Filter out the excess insoluble reactant so that we only have the salt solution left . This can be done using filter paper and a filter funnel.
5) At the end of the filtration, we’ll be left with a salt solution. We can get pure, solid crystals of sat using crystallisation .
6) The solid salt crystals can then be filtered out.

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28
Q

Are most bases soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Most are insoluble. However, bases containing alkalis are soluble in water

29
Q

What happens when acids are added to an aqueous solution?

A

They ionise to produce H+ ions

30
Q

What do strong acids do in water?

A

The acid fully dissociates(splits up) into ions and release H+ ions

31
Q

What do weak acids do in water?

A

They only partially dissociate into ions. This reaction is reversible and the ions could re-combine to make the original acid.

32
Q

What does the ph scale measure?

A

How acidic or alkaline a solution is

33
Q

What numbers does the ph scale go from?

A

0 to 14

34
Q

What is an example of a neutral substance that’s at ph 7?

A

Water

35
Q

What can be used to test the ph of a solution ?

A

An indicator

36
Q

What do an acid and a metal oxide/hydroxide react to make?

A

Salt and water

37
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction of metal and water?

A

Metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

38
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive metal will replace a less reactive metal fro a compound

39
Q

Why is gold found in the earth as a metal itself?

A

Because it’s unreactive

40
Q

What is a metal ore?

A

A rock which contains enough metal to make it profitable to extract the metal from it

41
Q

In many cases, the ore is..

A

an oxide of the metal

42
Q

What is aluminum’s ore called?

A

Bauxite (Al2O3)

43
Q

A metal that forms a metal oxide from its metal is known as?

A

Oxidation

44
Q

What’s oxidation?

A

The gaining of oxygen by an element or compound, and the loss of electrons

45
Q

What is reduction?

A

The loss of oxygen from compound, and the gaining of electrons

46
Q

Which metals can be extracted using carbon?

A

Metal below carbon in the reactivity series. During this reaction, the ore is reduced as oxygen is removed from it, whist carbon gains oxygen and so is oxidised

47
Q

Carbon can only take oxygen away from which types of metals?

A

Metals that are less reactive than itself.

48
Q

Metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series, or metals that react in different ways with carbon, have to be extracted using what?

A

Electrolysis

49
Q

When do redox reactions occur?

A

When electrons are transferred between substances

50
Q

Displacement reactions are a type of what rection?

A

Redox reaction

51
Q

What happens to the metal ion and the metal atom during a displacement reaction?

A

The metal ion gains electrons and is reduced, and the metal atom loses electrons and is oxidised

52
Q

What do ionic equations for redox reactions focus on?

A

The substances which are oxidised and reduced

53
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A dye that changes colour depending on whether it’s above or below a certain ph

54
Q

What are wide range indicators?

A

indicators containing a mixture of dyes that means they gradually change colour over a broad range of ph’s

55
Q

What ph is acid rain

A

4

56
Q

What ph is normal rain

A

5

57
Q

what ph is washing up liquid

A

8

58
Q

What ph is bleach

A

12

59
Q

What does universal indicator show?

A

The colours for different ph’s

60
Q

Apart from using an indicator, what’s another way to test the ph?

A

Using a ph probe attached to a ph meter which you can use to measure the ph electronically. The probe is placed in the solution you are measuring and the ph is given on a digital display as a numerical value

61
Q

What’s more accurate at measuring the ph, an indicator or a ph probe?

A

A ph probe

62
Q

Whether a substance is an acid or alkali depends on what?

A

The type ions that are released when the substance is dissolved in water

63
Q

What does an acid produce when dissolved in water?

A

hydrogen ions (H+)

64
Q

What does an alkali produce when dissolved in water?

A

hydroxide ions (OH-)

65
Q

What is the word equation for a neutralisation reaction?

A

acid + alkali -> salt + water

66
Q

What is the symbol equation for a neutralisation reaction?

A

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) -> H2O(l)

67
Q

When an acid neutralises an alkali(or vice versa) what ph is the solutiion that’s formerd?

A

Ph 7 , or neutral

68
Q

What colour will a universal indicator turn at the end of a neutralisation reaction?

A

Green - this will show that the reaction has finished

69
Q

What are neutralisation reactions a good chance to measure?

A

changes in ph using a universal indicator or a ph probe

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