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Science > Ecology - Biology Paper 2 > Flashcards

Ecology - Biology Paper 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The place where an organism lives

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2
Q

What is a population?

A

All the organisms of one species living in a habitat

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3
Q

What is a community?

A

The populations of different species that live in a habitat

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4
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

Non living factors of the environment , e.g temperature

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5
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

Living factors of the environment, e.g food

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6
Q

Why do farmers use weedkillers?

A

To ensure that there’s less competition with their crops for light and nutrients

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7
Q

Why is their frequent aggression between lions and hyenas?

A

Because they share the same habitat in Africa. They compete with each other for food, water and territory

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8
Q

How do male peacocks compete with one another?

A

They display their eye-catching tail feathers during mating season

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9
Q

What is interdependence?

A

when all organisms in an ecosystem depend upon each other.

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10
Q

What are stable communities?

A

A stable community is one in which the size of the populations of all species remain relatively constant over time.

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11
Q

What is interspecific competition ?

A

The competition which occurs between organisms of different species for a common resource.

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12
Q

What is intraspecific competition ?

A

The competition between organisms within the same species.

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13
Q

What are some examples of stable communities?

A

Tropical rainforests and oak woodlands

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14
Q

What are examples of abiotic factors?

A
  • Moisture level
  • Light intensity
  • Temperature
  • Carbon dioxide level(plants)
  • Wind intensity and direction
  • Oxygen level(aquatic life)
  • Soil pH and mineral content
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15
Q

What are examples of biotic factors?

A
  • New predators arriving
  • Competition
  • New pathogens
  • Availability of food
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16
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

A feature or characteristic which helps an organism to survive.

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17
Q

What are structural adaptations?

A

the physical features which allow them to compete

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18
Q

What are behavioural adaptations?

A

behaviours which give them an advantage.

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19
Q

What are functional adaptations?

A

Things that go on inside an organisms body that can be related to reproduction and metabolism

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20
Q

What are extremophiles?

A

organisms that lives in an extreme environment. An extreme environment is one in which most organisms would find it difficult or impossible to survive.

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21
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

the interaction of two or more populations of organisms in their environment.

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22
Q

What do food chains show?

A

What’s eaten by what in an ecosystem

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23
Q

What do food chains always start with?

A

A producer

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24
Q

What does a producer do?

A

Make their own food using energy from the sun

25
Q

What are green plants and algae examples of?

A

Producers

26
Q

What is a plant’s biomass?

A

The mass of living material or energy stored in a plant

27
Q

Who eats producers in a food chain?

A

Primary consumers

28
Q

Who eats primary consumers in a food chain?

A

Secondary consumers

29
Q

Who eats secondary consumers in a food chain?

A

Tertiary consumers

30
Q

What is a food web?

A

A network of food chains, which shows how they all link together.

31
Q

What is a decomposer?

A

An organism which eats dead organisms, fallen leaves, animal droppings, etc, and breaks them down into simpler materials.

32
Q

What are bacteria and fungi examples of?

A

Decomposers

33
Q

What are predators?

A

Animals that hunt and kill other animals for food

34
Q

What is prey?

A

Animals that predators kill for food

35
Q

What causes numbers of prey or predators to increase or decrease?

A

Biotic and abiotic factors

36
Q

What do predator-prey cycles highlight?

A

The interdependence of different species in a community

37
Q

What is the distribution of an organism?

A

Where an organism is found

38
Q

How can you study the distribution of an organism?

A

Using quadrats or transects

39
Q

What is a quadrat?

A

A square frame enclosing a known area e.g, 1 m squared

40
Q

What are the 2 types of sampling?

A

Random and systematic

41
Q

What changes in the environment affect the change in species?

A

Availability of water, temperature, the composition of atmospheric gases

42
Q

What is the water cycle?

A

The process in which water is constantly recycled on earth

43
Q

What are the steps of the water cycle?

A

Evaporation, Condensation, Transport, Precipitation, Surface runoff, Infiltration, Transpiration

44
Q

What is the carbon cycle?

A

The constant recycling of carbon

45
Q

What is Stage one of the carbon cycle?

A

Carbon enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide from respiration and combustion.

46
Q

What is Stage two of the carbon cycle?

A

Carbon dioxide is absorbed by producers to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis.

47
Q

What is Stage three of the carbon cycle?

A

Animals feed on plants, passing the carbon compounds along the food chain. Most carbon they consume is exhaled as carbon dioxide during respiration. The animals and plants eventually die.

48
Q

What is Stage four of the carbon cycle?

A

Dead organisms are eaten by decomposers and carbon in their bodies is returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. In some conditions decomposition is blocked. The plant and animal material may then be available as fossil fuel in the future for combustion.

49
Q

What is percolation?

A

The movement of water through the soil itself

50
Q

What is decay?

A

The breakdown of dead organisms

51
Q

What is compost?

A

Decomposed organic matter that is used as a natural fertiliser for crops and garden plants.

52
Q

What factors affect the rate of decay?

A

Temperature. oxygen availability, water availability, number of decay organisms

53
Q

What are carbon sinks?

A

Where lots of carbon compounds are stored together e.g fossil fuels

54
Q

What is biogas?

A

A biofuel made up of methane that can be burned as a fuel .

55
Q

What organisms are used to produce biogas?

A

..

56
Q

Why does biogas have to be used straight away?

A

because it can’t be stored as a liquid

57
Q

What are the 2 types of biogas generators?

A

Batch generators and continuous generators

58
Q

What 3 things does a biogas generator need to have?

A
  • an inlet for waste material to be put in
  • an outlet for the digested material to be removed through
  • an outlet so that the biogas can be piped to where it is needed

Science (31 decks)

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