C11.1/2 Addition polymerisation/condensation polymerisation- Chemistry Paper 2

Question 1

What’s the only ester you need to know about?

Answer 1

Ethyl ethanoate

Question 2

What are polymers?

Answer 2

Long repeating chains of covalent molecules

Question 3

What are all plastics considered as?

Answer 3

Polymers

Question 4

What are monomers made up of?

Answer 4

Individual molecules

Question 5

How do monomers form a polymer?

Answer 5

Many monomers bond together to form a polymer.

Question 6

How do you name polymers?

Answer 6

poly(monomer)

Question 7

What polymer does styrene make?

Answer 7

poly(styrene)

Question 8

What polymer does ester make?

Answer 8

poly(ester)

Question 9

What polymer does butene make?

Answer 9

poly(butene)

Question 10

What polymer does vinyl chloride make?

Answer 10

poly(vinyl chloride)

Question 11

What polymer does carbonate make?

Answer 11

poly(carbonate)

Question 12

What happens in addition polymerisation?

Answer 12

One bond in the double bond breaks, which allows each monomer to form a single covalent bond to another monomer. This allows a polymer to form.

Question 13

How do you draw repeating polymer units when converting a monomer to a polymer?

Answer 13

1) The double bond turns into a single bond
2) The bonds on the end of the repeat unit go through the bracket
3) An “n” goes in the bottom right corner to show the number of times the repeat unit repeats

Question 14

Convert the molecules in your book into repeating units

Answer 14

Check book for answer

Question 15

What happens during condensation polymerisation?

Answer 15

Two carboxylic acids and two alcohols react to form an ester. A small molecule is also produced , such as water

Question 16

Show what happens in addition polymerisation

Answer 16

Check book for answer

Question 17

What are saccharides?

Answer 17

Units of sugar/glucose

Question 18

What is the formula for glucose?

Answer 18

C6H12O6

Question 19

What can saccharides basically be describes as?

Answer 19

Hydrates of carbon

Question 20

What are polysaccharides made up of?

Answer 20

Many units of sugar/glucose

Question 21

Name a polysaccharide

Answer 21

Starch

Question 22

What are disaccharides made up of?

Answer 22

A combination of 2 sugar units

Question 23

Name a disaccharide and it component sugar units.

Answer 23

Sucrose, which is made up of glucose and fructose bonded together

Question 24

Why is cellulose a polysaccharide?

Answer 24

Because it’s made up of many glucose/sugar units joined together

Question 25

What is cellulose?

Answer 25

A material that makes up cell walls in plants. Cellulose is a polysacharide that's made up of glucose units joined together.

Question 26

Why are polysaccharides condensation polymers?

Answer 26

Because they lose water when they bond

Question 27

What is a protein?

Answer 27

An organic compound made up of amino acid molecules

Question 28

What are the 4 dimensions to studying proteins?

Answer 28

The primary structure, the secondary structure, the tertiary structure and the quaternary structure

Question 29

How many dimensions are there to studying proteins?

Answer 29

4

Question 30

What is the primary protein structure?

Answer 30

A sequence of amino acids

Question 31

What are the monomers of all proteins?

Answer 31

Amino acids

Question 32

How many naturally occurring proteins are there in nature?

Answer 32

21

Question 33

What happens in the secondary protein structure?

Answer 33

Amino acids bond together to form peptides, which are small chain of amino acids.

Question 34

What is a peptide?

Answer 34

A small chain of amino acids

Question 35

What happens in the tertiary protein structure?

Answer 35

Proteins are formed from the combination of may peptide chains.

Question 36

What happens in the quaternary protein structure?

Answer 36

Many proteins fold over one another to form very complex structures. If the proteins lose their shape and unfold, they are said to be de-natured

Question 37

What is produced when amino acids bond?

Answer 37

A peptide and water

Question 38

What are the 2 functional groups in a protein?

Answer 38

The basic group and the acidic group

Question 39

Write out glycine's formula

Answer 39

H2N CH2 COOH

Question 40

Draw the peptide of the amino acids alkanine and valine

Answer 40

Check book for answer

Question 41

What is each monomer of DNA called?

Answer 41

A nucleotide

Question 42

How many nucleotides pair up in DNA?

Answer 42

4

Question 43

What does the order in which the pairs of nucleotides align determine?

Answer 43

The genetic features

Question 44

Name the 4 nucleotides

Answer 44

Adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine

Question 45

What do the 4 nucleotides have in common?

Answer 45

- Phosphate ion - Ribose sugar - Nucleotide base( either A, T, C or G)

Question 46

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 46

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 47

What do the phosphate ions and ribose molecules act as in a DNA structure?

Answer 47

The 'backbone' on both sides of the molecule

Question 48

What are the strands of DNA bonded together by?

Answer 48

Nucleotides

Question 49

What do the dotted lines indicate?

Answer 49

An intermolecular force (hydrogen bonds)

Question 50

What is the hydrogenation of alkenes?

Answer 50

Where the double bond opens up to form the equivalent alkane

Question 51

What is needed for hydrogenation of alkenes to occur?

Answer 51

Hydrogen and a catalyst

Question 52

When do alkenes form alcohols?

Answer 52

When they react with steam in the presences of a catalyst

Question 53

What is the general formula of an alcohol?

Answer 53

Cn H2n+1 OH

Question 54

What are the properties of alcohols?

Answer 54

- They're flammable - The first 4 alcohols all dissolve completely in water to form neutral solutions - They react with sodium - They can be oxidised to form carboxylic acids

Question 55

What are alcohols used in?

Answer 55

Alcoholic drinks, solvents, fuels

Question 56

What needs to be present for a carboxylic acid to be formed?

Answer 56

An acid catalyst

Question 57

Do carboxylic acids react like other acids?

Answer 57

Yes

Question 58

What happens when carboxylic acids dissolve in water?

Answer 58

They produce H+ ions and make the solution acidic

Question 59

Why are carboxylic acids weak acids?

Answer 59

Because they only partially ionise in water

Question 60

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

Answer 60

COOH

Question 61

What is the functional group of an ester?

Answer 61

COO